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Kinesiology > Lecture 4- Shoulder Complex, Elbow Complex, Wrist and Hand Complex > Flashcards

Lecture 4- Shoulder Complex, Elbow Complex, Wrist and Hand Complex Flashcards

1
Q

SHOULDER COMPLEX

A

SHOULDER COMPLEX

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2
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the shoulder complex?

A
  • clavicle
  • scapula
  • humerus
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3
Q

What are the 4 joints that contribute to the shoulder complex?

A
  • sternoclavicular (SC)
  • acromioclavicular (AC)
  • glenohumeral (GH)
  • scapulothoracic
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4
Q

What bones make up the SC joint?

A

Medial clavicle to manubrium (sternum)

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5
Q

What type of joint is the SC joint?

A

Saddle

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6
Q

What is located at the SC joint to increase congruency?

A

disc

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7
Q

What are the passive structures providing stabilization to the SC joints and how do they do so?

A
  • Fibrous Joint Capsule-restrain anterior and posterior translation of medial clavicle
  • Anterior and Posterior SC ligaments- reinforce capsule by restricting anterior and posterior translation of clavicle
  • Costoclavicular ligament (ant and post bundles)-limit elevation of lateral clavicle, contribute to inferior glide of medial clavicle in elevation, shock absorption
  • Interclavicular ligament- limits excessive depression and superior glide of clavicle
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8
Q

The SC disc creates 2 joint spaces to promote stability by; increasing joint _________, ________ forces, helps limit ________ movement of clavicle.

A
  • congruency
  • absorbing
  • medial
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9
Q

What are some muscles that help to stabilize the SC joint?

A
  • SCM
  • Sternothyroid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Subclavius
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10
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the SC joint?

A
  • elevation/depression
  • protraction/retraction
  • anterior/posterior rotation
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11
Q
  • In elevation/depression of the SC joint, the disc remains ____________, and we have _______ on _________ structure of the joint.
  • During elevation, the lateral clavicle will rotate upward and we will see a ________ roll and a _______ glide.
  • During depression, the lateral clavicle will rotate downward and we will see a __________ roll and a __________ glide.
A
  • stationary, convex on concave
  • superior roll, inferior glide
  • inferior roll, superior glide
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12
Q
  • In protraction/retraction of the SC joint, the disc _____ with the clavicle, and we have a _______ on __________ structure of the joint.
  • During protraction, the lateral clavicle will move anteriorly and we will see a _______ roll and a ________ glide.
  • During retraction, the lateral clavicle will move posteriorly and we will see a ______ roll and a _________ glide.
A
  • moves, concave on convex
  • anterior, anterior
  • posterior, posterior
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13
Q
  • In anterior/posterior rotation of the SC joint, the motion occurs around the clavicles _______ axis.
  • During posterior rotation, the inferior surface turns _______.
  • During anterior rotation, the inferior surface turn _________ and has ________ motion from neutral.
A
  • longitudinal
  • anterior
  • back inferior, minimal
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14
Q

What is the closed pack position of the SC joint?

A

full posterior rotation (full arm elevation)

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15
Q

What is the open pack position of the SC joint?

A

arm resting at side

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16
Q

What is the capsular pattern at the SC joint?

A

pain at end range with arm overhead

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17
Q

What bones make up the acromioclavicular joint?

A

-lateral clavicle to acromion

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18
Q

What type of joint is the AC joint?

A

plane synovial

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19
Q

The AC joint surfaces are __________, and a disc may or may not be present.

A

incongruent

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20
Q

What are the passive structures providing stabilization to the AC joints and how do they do so?

A
  • Joint Capsule- weak, requires reinforcement
  • Superior AC ligament- restricts anterior clavicular/posterior acromion translation
  • Inferior AC ligament, reinforced by deltoid and trapezius
  • Coracoclavicular ligament (trapeziod and conoid ligaments)- limits superior clavicular/ inferior scapular translation and posterior rotation of clavicle
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21
Q
  • The primary function of the AC joint is to allow the _______ to rotate during arm movement.
  • It increases ___ motion, positions the ________ beneath the humeral head, and maintains congruency of the scapula on the ________.
A
  • scapula

- UE, glenoid, thorax

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22
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the AC joint?

A
  • internal/external rotation
  • anterior/posterior tilting (tipping)
  • upward/ downward rotation
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23
Q

Internal/external rotation at the AC joint is important for maintaining contact of the scapula on the curved thorax during _______ and ________ of the clavicle.

A

-protraction and retraction

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24
Q

Anterior/posterior tilting (tipping) at the AC joint is important for maintaining contact of the scapula on the curved thorax during __________ and _________ of the clavicle.

A

-elevation and depression

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25
Q

Upward/downward rotation at the AC joint is important for positioning the __________ in the optimal position.

A

-glenoid fossa

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26
Q

The arthrokinematics for AC joint motions are NOT ________.

A

defined

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27
Q

What is the closed pack position for the AC joint?

A

arm at 90 degrees

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28
Q

What is the open pack position for the AC joint?

A

arm by side

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29
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the AC joint?

A

pain at end range with arm overhead

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30
Q
  • Is injury to the AC joint common in contact sports? Why or why not?
  • Development of post-traumatic what may occur after repeated shoulder injuries?
A
  • Yes, it is susceptible to dislocation due to the sloped nature of the articular process coupled with high probability of recieving large shearing forces.
  • osteoarthritis
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31
Q

What bones make up the scapulothoracic “joint”?

Is it a true anatomical joint?

A
  • scapula and thorax

- no

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32
Q

The scapulothoracic articulation depends on the integrity of what joints?

A

SC and AC joints

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33
Q
  • What are the primary movements at the scapulothoracic joint?
  • What are the secondary movements at the scapulothoracic joint?
A 
Primary
-elevation/depression
-protraction/retraction
-upward/downward rotation
Secondary
-anterior/posterior tilting, internal/external rotation
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34
Q
  • During elevation of the scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint will _______ and the AC joint will ____________.
  • During depression of the scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint will _______ and the AC joint will __________.
A
  • elevate, downwardly rotate

- depress, upwardly rotate

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35
Q
  • During protraction of the scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint will ________ and the AC joint will __________.
  • During retraction of the scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint will _______ and the AC joint will __________.
A
  • protract, internally rotate

- retract, externally rotate

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36
Q
  • During upward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint will _________ and the AC joint will _______.
  • During downward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint, the SC joint will _________ and the AC joint will _______.
A
  • elevation, upward rotation

- depression, downward rotation

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37
Q

What bones make up the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid fossa and head of the humerus

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38
Q

What type of joint is the GH joint?

A

ball and socket

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39
Q
  • What is the angle of inclination of the GH joint?
  • What is the angle of torsion of the GH joint?
  • What is retroversion of the GH joint?
A
  • 130 to 150 degrees in the frontal flane
  • 30 degrees posterior in the transverse plane
  • posterior orientation of humeral head with regard to the condyles to keep the articulating surfaces more congruent
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40
Q

Pitchers will have ________ retroversion, which will result in higher ____ and reduced _____

A
  • increased

- ER, IR

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41
Q

What are the passive structures providing stabilization to the GH joint and how do they do so?

A
  • Glenoid Labrum- enhances concavity and increases articular surface; resists humeral head translation, dissipates forces, protects bony edges; attachment of GH ligaments and tendon of biceps long head
  • Joint Capsule- significant laxity, minimal stability provided; reinforced by thicker external ligaments; inferior portion is slack in adducted position creating axillary pouch
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42
Q

There is a relationship between tight posterior capsule and ______________________.

A

-shoulder impingement

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43
Q

Tightness in the posterior shoulder capsule may produce increased anterior humeral head translation, which in turn decreases the ______________ space.

A

-subacromial

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44
Q

What are the 4 ligaments of the GH joint?

A
  • superior glenohumeral lig.
  • middle glenohumeral lig.
  • inferior glenohumeral lig.
  • coracohumeral lig.
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45
Q

The superior GH ligament will limit ________ rotation and ________/__________ translation at 0 degrees abduction. The ligament will also _______ when abducted beyond 35-45 degrees.

A
  • external
  • anterior/inferior
  • slacken
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46
Q

The middle GH ligament will limit ________ translation from 45-90 degrees of abduction and extremes of ____________ rotation.

A
  • anterior

- external

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47
Q
  • The inferior GH ligament is composed of what 3 parts?
  • The __________ GH ligament is the primary stabilizer beyond 45 degrees of abduction or with combined abduction and rotation.
A
  • anterior band, posterior band, axillary pouch

- inferior

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48
Q

The coracohumeral ligament limits _________ translation and ________ rotation of the humeral head with the arm hanging at the side.

A
  • inferior

- external

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49
Q
  • The rotator cuff reinforces the ___ joint capsule.

- What are the 2 areas where the rotator cuff does not reinforce?

A
  • GH

- inferiorly, region between subscapularis and supraspinatus (rotator cuff interval)

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50
Q

What structures help to reinforce the rotator cuff interval?

A
  • long head of biceps
  • coracohumeral ligament
  • superior and middle GH ligaments
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51
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the GH joint?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • ab/adduction
  • internal/external rotation
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52
Q
  • During flexion of the GH joint, we will have a _______ roll and a ________ glide.
  • During extension of the GH joint, we will have a _________ roll and a __________ glide.
A
  • anterior, posterior

- posterior, anterior

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53
Q
  • During adduction of the GH joint, we will have a __________ roll and a _______ glide.
  • During abduction of the GH joint, we will have a __________ roll and a _______ glide.
A
  • inferior, superior

- superior, inferior

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54
Q

What must occur to perform full abduction at the GH joint?

A

external rotation

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55
Q

What ligament tightens with abduction?

A

inferior GH

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56
Q
  • During external rotation of the GH joint, we will have a ________ roll and a _______ glide.
  • During internal rotation of the GH joint, we will have a _______ roll and a _______ glide.
A
  • posterior, anterior

- anterior, posterior

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57
Q

What is the closed pack position of the GH joint?

A

90 degrees abducted and full external rotation or full abduction and external rotation

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58
Q

What is the open pack position of the GH joint?

A

abducted 55 degrees, then horizontally adducted 30 degrees, slight ER

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59
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the GH joint?

A

ER>Abduction>IR

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60
Q

In regards to the scapulohumeral rhythm, ___ degrees of abduction comes from the GH joint, while the other ___ degrees comes from the scapulothoracic upward rotation.

A
  • 120

- 60

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61
Q

What is the ideal shoulder girdle posture?

A
  • slightly elevated and relatively retracted scapula

- results in glenoid fossa facing slightly upward

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62
Q

What are the effects of gravity on scapulothoracic posture?

A

results in depressed, protracted, and excessively downwardly rotated scapula

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63
Q

Describe the impact of rounded shoulders on an individual’s shoulder complex.

A
  • slight depression, downward rotation, and protraction of scapula
  • predisposes individual to shoulder impingement
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64
Q

How do the rhomboids and lower trap function together?

A
  • lower trap pulls down and in, rhomboid pulls up and in, resulting in pure retraction
  • act as a force couple
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65
Q

How do the deltoids and supraspinatus function together?

A
  • both act to perform abduction
  • supraspinatus can typically perform full abduction in cases of deltoid paralysis, but the torque is reduced
  • full abduction is difficult but achievable in cases of supraspinatus paralysis
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66
Q

What is the force couple for upward rotation of the scapula?

A

-serratus anterior, upper trap, and lower trap are all pulling in different directions to elicit the movement of upward rotation

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67
Q

What is the force couple that causes posterior tilting at the scapula?

A

serratus anterior pulls anteriorly, lower trap pulls posterior

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68
Q

Whata is the force couple that causes external rotation at the scapula?

A

serratus anterior pulls anterior portion around, mid trap pulls posterior portion towards spine

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69
Q

Scapular winging is defined as having excessive amount of ____ of the scapula that is visualized with attempted elevation of the arm

A

-IR

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70
Q

Rotator Cuff and Arthrokinematics:

  • Supraspinatus drives the ________ roll of the humeral head, compresses humeral head against glenoid fossa, and creates a spacer above humeral head restricting excessive _________ translation of the humerus.
  • The infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis exert a ________ force on the humeral head.
  • The infraspinatus and teres minor _________ rotate the humerus during arm motions
A
  • superior, superior
  • depression
  • externally
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71
Q

How do the infraspinatus and mid trap function together?

A
  • middle trap acts to stabilize the scapula while the infraspinatus externally rotates the shoulder
  • if the middle trap was paralyzed, the scapula would move into internal rotation as the GH joint is ER which creates scapular dyskinesis
72
Q

What is scapular dyskinesis?

A

any abnormal position or movement of the scapula

73
Q

ELBOW COMPLEX

A

ELBOW COMPLEX

74
Q

What are the joints of the elbow complex?

A
  • elbow (humeroulnar and humeroradial)

- proximal and distal radioulnar

75
Q

What bones make up the humeroulnar and humeroradial joints?

What type of joints are they?

A
  • Humeroulnar- trochlear notch of ulna to trochlea of the humerus
  • Humeroradial- head of the radius to the capitulum of the humerus

-Modified hinge

76
Q

The elbow and proximal radioulnar joint are enclosed in a ________ joint capsule. The capsule is large, loose, and weak _______ and _________. The elbow joint is reinforced laterally by ________ ligaments.

A
  • single
  • anterior and posterior
  • collateral
77
Q

What is the carrying angle and what is the normal range?

A
  • angle between the humerus and forearm

- 8-15 degrees

78
Q

Valgus=

Varus=

A 
Valgus= increased carrying angle
-Varus= decreased carrying angle
79
Q

What is the purpose of the carrying angle?

A

allows for a person to carry onjects away from the side of the thigh

80
Q

The medial (ulnar) collateral ligament stabilizes against ______ torque.

A

valgus

81
Q

The lateral (radial) collateral ligament stabilizes against ______ torque.

A

varus

82
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the humeroulnar joint?

A

flexion/extension

83
Q

Is the humeroulnar joint convex on concave or concave on convex?

A

concave on convex

84
Q
  • During flexion of the humeroulnar joint, we see an __________ roll and a _________ glide.
  • During extension of the humeroulnar joint, we see an _________ roll and a ________ glide.
A
  • anterior, anterior

- posterior, posterior

85
Q

Is the humeroradial joint convex on concave or concave on convex?

A

concave on convex

86
Q
  • During flexion of the humeroradial joint, we see an __________ roll and a _________ glide.
  • During extension of the humeroradial joint, we see an _________ roll and a ________ glide.
A
  • anterior,anterior

- posterior, posterior

87
Q

What is the closed pack position for the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?

A
  • Humeroulnar- full extension and supination

- Humeroradial- 90 degrees elbow flexion and 5 degrees supination

88
Q

What is the open pack position for the humeroulnar and humeroradial joint?

A
  • Humeroulnar- flexed 70 degrees and supinated 10 degrees

- Humeroradial- full extension and supination

89
Q

What is the flexion/extension ROM at the elbow joint?

A 
Flexion= 150 degrees
Extension= 0 degrees
90
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the elbow joint?

A

Flexion>extension

91
Q

What bones make up the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?
What type of joints are they?

A
  • Proximal- ulnar radial notch to head of radius
  • Distal- ulnar notch of radius to head of ulna

-Pivot joint type

92
Q
  • Is the proximal radioulnar joint convex on concave or concave on convex?
  • Is the distal radioulnar joint convex on concave or concave on convex?
A
  • convex on concave

- concave on convex

93
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

supination/pronation

94
Q
  • During supination of the proximal radioulnar joint, we see a ___________ rotation/spin and a ___________ glide.
  • During pronation of the proximal radioulnar joint, we see a _________ rotation/spin and a _________ glide.
A
  • posterior, anterior

- anterior, posterior

95
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the distal radioulnar joint?

A

supination/pronation

96
Q
  • During supination of the distal radioulnar joint, we see a ___________ rotation/spin and a ___________ glide.
  • During pronation of the distal radioulnar joint, we see a _________ rotation/spin and a _________ glide.
A
  • posterior, posterior

- anterior, anterior

97
Q

What is the closed pack position for the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A
  • 5 degrees of supination

- 5 degrees of supination

98
Q

What is the open pack position for the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A
  • 70 degrees of elbow flexion and 35 degrees of supination

- 10 degrees of supination

99
Q

What is the ROM of supination/pronation?

A

80 degrees supination

80 degrees pronation

100
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

A

supination=pronation

101
Q

Flexor torque is 20-25% greater with the elbow in a ________ position compared to __________ position.

A
  • supinated

- pronated

102
Q

What muscle is considered the workhorse of the elbow and can produce equal force regardless of supination and pronation?

A

brachialis

103
Q

Describe the synergy between the triceps and anterior deltoid.

A

In a pushing motion, our anterior delt will perform shoulder flexion to counteract the shoulder extension performed by the triceps.

104
Q

Which muscle is primarily activated during low level supination?

A

supinator

105
Q

Which 2 muscles are primarily activated to produce forceful supination?

A

supinator and biceps brachii

106
Q

What role does the tricep play during forceful supination?

A

prevents biceps from flexing the elbow and shoulder during supination

107
Q

Which muscle is primarily activated during low level pronation?

A

pronator quadratus

108
Q

Which 2 muscles are primarily activated to produce forceful pronation?

A
  • pronator quadratus

- pronator teres

109
Q

WRIST AND HAND COMPLEX

A

WRIST AND HAND COMPLEX

110
Q

What joints make up the wrist and hand complex?

A

-distal radioulnar
-wrist complex (radiocapral and midcarpal)
-carpometacarpal
-metacarpophalangeal
interphalangeal

111
Q

What are the 2 points of consensus in regards to the wrist complex?

A
  • structure and biomechanics of wrist and hand vary tremendously from person to person
  • even subtle variations can produce differences in the way a given function occurs
112
Q

What are the bones of the radiocarpal joint and midcarpal joint?

A

Radiocarpal
-radius with scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrium
Midcarpal
-scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrium with trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

113
Q

What type of joints are the radiocarpal and midcarpal joints?

A

biaxial condyloid

114
Q

What is the benefit of having a 2 joint system (radiocarpal and midcarpal joints)?

A
  • permits large ROM with less exposed articular surface and tighter joint capsules
  • less tendency for structural pinch at extremes of motion
  • allows for flatter multi-joint surfaces that are more capable of withstanding imposed pressures
115
Q

The proximal component of the radiocarpal joint is the _______ surface of the radius. The distal components of the radiocarpal joint are the _______ surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrium.

A
  • concave

- convex

116
Q

The ligaments of the wrist are small and difficult to isolate but they are essential for what?

A
  • maintaining intercarpal alignment

- transferring forces within and across carpals

117
Q

The wrist ligaments are described as extrinsic and intrinsic, what is the difference?

A
  • extrinsic- have a proximal attachment on the forearm

- intrinsic- have both proximal and distal attachments within the wrist complex

118
Q

What is the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC)?

A
  • functions to bind distal ends of radius and ulna while allowing radius to rotate around the fixed ulna
  • reinforces ulnar side of wrist and allows transfer of compression forces
119
Q

What is the function of the extensor retinaculum?

A

prevents “bowstringing” of tendons with movement of wrist

120
Q

What is located beneath the extensor retinaculum?

A

6 compartments that house specific set of tendons

121
Q

Repetition of forceful activities may cause tenosynovitis to occur, what is this?

A

inflammation within compartments under the extensor retinaculum

122
Q

What is the function of the palmar carpal ligament?

A

stabilizes wrist flexor tendons to prevent excessive “bowstringing” during wrist flexion

123
Q

What two wrist structures prevent bowstringing?

A
  • extensor retinaculum

- palmar carpal ligament

124
Q

_ extrinsic flexor tendons and the ______ nerve pass through the carpal tunnel

A
  • 9

- median

125
Q

What is the most frequent UE nerve entrapment?

What factors can result in this?

A
  • carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

- overcrowding, excessive mechanical stress, fibrotic changes of connective tissue (transverse carpal ligament)

126
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the wrist joint (radiocarpal and midcarpal)?

A
  • flexion/extension

- radial/ulnar deviation

127
Q

Is the wrist joint concave on convex or convex on concave?

A

convex on concave

128
Q
  • During flexion of the wrist joint, we see a ________ roll and a _________ glide.
  • During extension of the wrist, we see a ________ roll and a _______ glide.
A
  • anterior, posterior

- posterior, anterior

129
Q

During radial deviation of the wrist joint, we see a _______ roll and a _______ glide.
During ulnar deviation of the wrist joint, we see a _________ roll and a ______ glide.

A
  • lateral, medial

- medial, lateral

130
Q

What is the closed pack position for the wrist joint?

A

full extension with radial deviation

131
Q

What is the open pack position for the wrist joint?

A

neutral flexion/extension with slight ulnar deviation

132
Q

What is the ROM for wrist flexion, extension, radial deviation, ulnar deviation?

A
  • flexion-80
  • extension-70
  • radial deviation-20
  • ulnar deviation-30
133
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the wrist joint?

A

flexion=extension, slight radial and ulnar deviation

134
Q

What are the primary and secondary wrist extensors?

A 
Primary
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor carpi ulnaris
Secondary
-extensor digitorum
-extensor indicis
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor pollicis longus
135
Q

What are the primary and secondary wrist flexors?

A 
Primary
-flexor carpi radialis
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-palmaris longus
Secondary
-flexor digitorum profundus
-flexor digitorum superficialis
-flexor pollicis longus
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
136
Q

What is the main function of wrist extensors?

A
  • position and stabilize wrist with activities that require active flexion of the digits (making a fist)
  • counterbalance wrist flexion torque produced by finger flexor muscles
137
Q

What degrees provides the max grip?

A

30 degrees of extension

138
Q

The FCU and FCR act synergistically to oppose ____________ during wrist flexion.

A

radial and ulnar deviation

139
Q

What are the joints of the hand?

A
  • carpometacarpal (CMC)
  • metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
  • 2 interphalangeal (PIP and DIP)
140
Q

What are the bones of the CMC joint?

A
  • 1st through 5th metacarpals

- trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

141
Q

What type of joints are the CMC joints?

A
  • 1st digit is saddle

- 2nd-5th are planar

142
Q

What are the passive structures supporting the 1st CMC joint?

A
  • anterior oblique
  • first intermetacarpal
  • posterior oblique
  • ulnar collateral
  • radial collateral
143
Q

What are the passive structures supporting the 2nd-5th CMC joints?

A
  • dorsal carpometacarpal
  • palmar carpometacarpal
  • dorsal intermetacarpal
  • palmar intermetacarpal
144
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions occuring at the 1st CMC joint?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • opposition/reposition
145
Q

Is the 1st CMC joint convex on concave or concave on convex?

A

depends on the movement

146
Q
  • During abduction of the 1st CMC joint, we will see a ________ roll and a ________ glide.
  • During adduction of the 1st CMC joint, we will see a __________ roll and a ________ glide.
A
  • anterior, posterior

- posterior, anterior

147
Q
  • During flexion of the 1st CMC joint, we will see a ________ roll and a ________ glide.
  • During extension of the 1st CMC joint, we will see a __________ roll and a ________ glide.
A
  • medial, medial

- lateral, lateral

148
Q
  • During opposition of the 1st CMC joint, we will see _________ and __________.
  • During reposition of the 1st CMC joint, we will see ___________ and __________.
A
  • abduction, flexion

- adduction, extension

149
Q

The arthrokinematics of the 2nd-5th CMC joints are __________.

A

undefined

150
Q

What is the closed pack position for the 1st CMC joint and the 2nd-5th CMC joints?

A
  • 1st CMC- full opposition

- 2nd-5th- full flexion

151
Q

What is the open pack position for the 1st CMC joint and the 2nd-5th CMC joints?

A
  • 1st CMC- mid flexion/extension and mid ab/adduction

- 2nd-5th- mid flexion/extension

152
Q 
What are the ROM norms for the 1st CMC joint motions?
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
A

Flexion-15
Extension-35
Abduction-70
Adduction-0

153
Q

What is the capsular pattern for the 1st CMC joint?

A

abduction

154
Q

What are the bones that make up the MCP joint?

A

metacarpal with proximal phalanx

155
Q

What type of joint is the MCP joint?

A

condyloid

156
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the MCP joints?

A
  • flexion/extension

- abduction/adduction

157
Q

Are the MCP joints concave on convex or convex on concave?

A

concave on convex

158
Q
  • During flexion of the MCP joints, we will see a ________ roll and a ________ glide.
  • During extension of the MCP joints, we will see a _______ roll and a ________ glide.
A
  • anterior, anterior

- posterior, posterior

159
Q
  • During abduction of the MCP joints, we will see a roll and glide _____ from the 3rd digit.
  • During adduction of the MCP joints, we will see a roll and glide ________ the 3rd digit.
A
  • away

- toward

160
Q

What is the closed pack position of the MCP joints?

A

full flexion

161
Q

What is the open pack position of the MCP joints?

A

slight flexion

162
Q

What are the ROM norms at the MCP joints?
Flexion
Extension
Ab/adduction

A
  • Flexion- 90
  • Extension- 45
  • Ab/adduction- 0-20
163
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the MCP joints?

A

flexion=extension

164
Q

What are the bones involved at the IP joints?

A

proximal, middle, and distal phalanges

165
Q

What type of joint are the IP joints?

A

hinge

166
Q

What are the osteokinematic motions that occur at the IP joints?

A

flexion/extesion

167
Q

Are the IP joints concave on convex or convex on concave?

A

concave on convex

168
Q
  • During flexion of the IP joints, we will see a _______ roll and a _______ glide.
  • During extension of the IP joints, we will see a _______ roll and a ______ glide.
A
  • anterior (palmar), anterior

- posterior (dorsal), posterior

169
Q

What is the closed pack position of the IP joints?

A

full extension

170
Q

What is the open pack position of the IP joints?

A

slight flexion

171
Q

What are the ROM norms at the IP joints?

A

flexion- 100

extension- 0

172
Q

What is the capsular pattern of the IP joints?

A

flexion=extension

173
Q

What is the function of the flexor mechanism?

A

function to prevent bowstringing of the tendons with contraction of finger flexors

174
Q

Trigger finger occurs secondary to __________.

A

tenosynovitis

175
Q

What is the structure of the extensor mechanism?

A
  • tendon of extensor digitorum attaches to dorsal side of proximal phalanx
  • remaining tendon flattens into a central band
  • central band divides into 2 lateral bands before crossing the PIP joint
  • bands reconverge distally

Kinesiology (9 decks)

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