Lecture 4 - Secondary Production Flashcards
Give the 8 groups of marine invertebrates.
- Porifera
- Cnidaria
- Ctenophora
- Polychaeta
- Mollusca
- Echinodermata
- Crustaceans
- Hemichordata
What is secondary production?
The production of biomass by all heterotrophs.
Give the two components of secondary production.
- Somatic; gaining weight, the production of tissues.
- Gonad; the production of reproductive tissue such as sperm or eggs.
Give the four food web functional groups in order.
1) Primary producers
2) Grazers
3) Suspension feeders
4) Predators
Where are grazers most likely seen?
In benthic environments
What are suspension feeders?
Organisms that collect particulate matter.
What are suspension feeders on the same trophic level as?
Grazers
Who showed that marine food webs are very complex networks, with many more connections than freshwater or terrestrial systems?
Link et al (2002)
Who came up with a definition for functional trophic levels?
Pauly and Palomares (2005)
Give three ecosystems where sea urchins can be found.
- Rocky shores
- Kelp forests
- Tropical reefs
How do sea urchins feed?
Using Aristotle’s lantern, 5 bony teeth, to scrape algae from rocks.
Give an example of how sea urchins can change an ecosystem.
Monterey Bay, California - sea otters hunted and could not eat sea urchins, so sea urchins decimated the kelp forest.
What can be the result of no sea urchins?
Give an example.
Algae overgrows other species due to lack of grazing.
Example: Caribbean 1983, urchins wiped out by disease. Algae overgrew coral reefs, leading to algal-dominated reefs.
What is Patella vulgata?
The common limpet
Describe how Patella vulgata feeds.
By scraping algae off of rocks using a radula.
What is the strongest biological material ever tested?
Limpet teeth
What are limpet teeth composed of?
Geophyte
What is special about the radula for each group?
Each group of gastropods (slugs and snails) has its own specialised form of radula depending on its specific feeding mechanisms.
Name and describe the radula structure found in limpets.
Docoglossan.
Teeth stick up.
Name and describe the radula structure found in whelks.
Stenoglossan.
An adapted form of radula alike a harpoon that injects poison.
What is the meaning of the word zooplankton?
Animal drifter
Give the size of micro-zooplankton.
20-200 micrometers
Why are micro-zooplanktons such an understudied group?
Sampling nets destroy them.
Give some examples of micro-zooplankton.
1) Phagotrophic protists, e.g. flagellates, dinoflagellates, ciliates, radiolarians, foraminiferans.
2) Metazoans, e.g. copepod nauplii, rotifers and meroplanktonic larvae.
