Lecture 4 - Part 2

Question 1

What does the ‘thematic approach test’ (TAT) define?

Answer 1

The TAT argues that motives are about people’s wishes and desires (the ‘why’ of human behaviour)

Question 2

How does a ‘thematic approach test’ TAT work? (2)

Answer 2

A person writes a short story based on highly imaginative content
Stories are assessed on the presence/absence of certain imaginative content

Question 3

What does the ‘thematic approach test’ TAT measure? (3)

Answer 3

It measure one’s need for achievement, need for power and need for affiliation-intimacy

Question 4

What kind of analysis is ‘thematic approach test’ TAT?

Answer 4

The TAT is a content analysis

Question 5

Define ‘Dark Personality’ (2)

Answer 5

Dark personalities are characterised by socially offensive traits falling in the normal/everyday range.
Individuals with dark personalities manage to survive, or even flourish, in everyday society without being incarcerated or supervised.

Question 6

The dark triad of personality

Answer 6

• Psychopaths
• Narcissists
• Machiavellians

Question 7

Define Psychopaths (3)

Answer 7

Individuals characterised by high levels of;
- Impulsivity
- Thrill seeking
and low levels of;
- empathy

Question 8

Define Narcissists (4)

Answer 8

Individuals characterised by;

• Grandiosity
• Entitlement
• Dominance
• Superiority

Question 9

Define Machiavellians

Answer 9

Individuals characterised by a cynical, unprincipled belief in interpersonal manipulation as the key to life’s success.

Question 10

The dark personality triad can be extended to the dark tetrad (=4), which is the fourth?

Answer 10

Sadists

Question 11

Define Sadists

Answer 11

Individuals characterised by deriving enjoyment from observing and/or inducing suffering in other people

Question 12

What was the initial theoretical assumption which after a 10+ year research changed?

Answer 12

Initially there was the assumption that dark personalities were not correlated. Later, the study proved that the 3 dark personalities are highly correlated.

Question 13

What trait do all dark personalities share?

Answer 13

Callousness (= a deficit of empathy)

Question 14

What do all dark personalities have? (3)

Answer 14

• Social dominance orientation (SDO)
• Ruthless self-advancement
• Very socially engaged

Question 15

Define the ‘Social Dominance Orientation’ (SDO) (4)

Answer 15

• Is one’s degree of preference for inequality among social groups
• Men are more SDO than women
• High SDO people seek hierarchy roles
• SDO is related to beliefs of social and political relations

Question 16

What is SDO negatively correlated with? (4)

Answer 16

Negatively correlated to;

• Empathy
• Tolerance
• Communality
• Altruism (concern for happiness of others)

Question 17

What behaviour specifies Psychopaths? (3)

Answer 17

• Intimidation
• Impatience
• Aggressive

Question 18

What behaviour specifies Narcissists? (1)

Answer 18

Great first impression but very disliked over time

Question 19

What behaviour specifies Machiavellians? (3)

Answer 19

• Immoral
• Cynical
• Aggressive

Question 20

What behaviour specifies Sadists? (1)

Answer 20

• Efficient (law) enforcers

Question 21

What is the perspective of dark personalities? (3)

Answer 21

To cut corners (cheating, plagiarism, claim extra unearned credits, etc etc)
To make life easier

Question 22

Workplace behaviour of a dark personality (2)

Answer 22

• Engage in non-empathic counterproductive behaviour
• Career success: To get ahead of others (manipulation - narcissists, hard tactics - psychopaths, flexible tactics - machiavellians)

Question 23

What relates a narcissist to the C in OCEAN?

Answer 23

When conscientiousness is high for a narcissist, they enjoy showing off their achievements and competencies

Question 24

What relates a psychopath to the C in OCEAN?

Answer 24

When conscientiousness is low for a psychopath, they have low deliberation and low sense of duty