Lecture 4 - Nursing Values and Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Values

A

a strong personal belief and an ideal or standard that a person or group believes to have merit

  • values influence behavior
  • they vary among people and develop over time
  • values reflect cultural and societal influences relationships and personal needs
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2
Q

Value Formation

A

the process of acquiring and forming values

  • influenced by a person’s culture, ethnic background, religious community, schools, peer groups, social media and work environments
  • acquired by choosing values that are strongly upheld in their community and discarding or transforming others
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3
Q

Values Clarification

A

the process of appraising personal values to articulate what matters most and what priorities are guiding your life

  • a willingness to clarify values reflects a healthy attitude and an ability to adapt to new experiences
  • involves conscious decisions about which values are most important to one’s practice –> shapes professional identity in accordance with the related ethical values of one’s profession
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4
Q

Ethics

A

the study of philosophical ideals of right and wrong behavior based on what one thinks one ought (or ought not) to do

  • involves the values and standards that individuals and professional strive to uphold
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5
Q

Descriptive Moral Theories

A

explains what people do or think about moral issues
- what rules, principles, or values people apply when making moral decisions or juedgements in different situations

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6
Q

Normative Ethics

A

tells us how we ought to think about moral questions

  • provides moral principles or virtues that allow us to make moral decisions based on our obligations to others
  • ex. CNA’s Code of Ethics
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7
Q

Deontological Theory (Kantian Ethics)

A

actions are defined as right or wrong according to moral duties, principles or rules

  • do not look at the consequences of actions to determine rightness or wrongness –> the action deemed the most moral is taken regardless of the outcome
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8
Q

Utilitarian Theory

A

the ethical choice is the one with the best consequences (= the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people)

  • the ends justifies the means
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9
Q

Bioethics

A

actions are obligation based, outcome oriented, and based on reason.

guided by 4 moral theories:
1. Autonomy - recognition of the person as an individual with freedom and self-determination
2. Beneficence - obligation to promote health and well-being
3. Non-Maleficence - avoidance of harm
4. Justice - fairness and equity

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10
Q

Feminist Ethics

A

focuses on inequalities between people (especially minorities)

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11
Q

Relational Ethics

A

emphasizes the importance of understanding relationships between people, environments, social aspects, and behavioral aspects

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12
Q

Ethical Dilemmas

A

conflicts between two sets of human values, both of which are judged to be “good”, but neither of which can be fully served

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13
Q

Steps to Solving Ethical Dilemmas

A

Step 1: Determine whether the issue is an ethical dilemma.
Step 2: Gather all relevant information.
Step 3: Examine and determine your own values on the issues.
Step 4: Verbalize the problem.
Step 5: Consider possible courses of action.
Step 6: Reflect on the outcome.
Step 7: Evaluate the action and the outcome

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14
Q

CNA’s Code of Ethics

A

the code provides guidance for ethical relationships, responsibilities, behaviours, and decision-making and it is to be used in conjunction with professional standards, best practice, research, laws, and regulations that guide practice

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15
Q

CNA’s Code of Ethics Values (7)

A
  1. Providing safe, compassionate, competent, and ethical care
  2. Promoting health and well-being
  3. Promoting and respecting informed decision making
  4. Preserving dignity
  5. Maintaining privacy and confidentiality
  6. Promoting justice
  7. Being accountable
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16
Q

CNA’s Code of Ethics: Codes (3)

A
  1. Responsibility - a duty to perform actions adequately and thoughtfully (reliability and dependability
  2. Accountability - accepting responsibility for one’s actions and being able to offer reasons and explanations for it
  3. Advocacy - advocating for others to eliminate inequities