Lecture 1 - Health Promotion Flashcards
Negative Definition of Health
health is the absence of disease
health is represented on a continuum (the health-illness continuum) with health on one end, and illness on the other → health is the absence of disease
Positive Definition of Health
Health is a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
health and illness are viewed as distinct but interrelated concepts
Current Definition of Health
positive - not merely the absence of disease
Comprehensive to all its determinants - very attentive to the mental health dimension
Labonte’s Multidimensional Conceptualization of Health
Conceptualization of health that reflects both the actualization and stability perspectives
Health is a resource for daily living - the extent to which an individual is able to realize aspirations, satisfy needs and cope/ change with their environment (physical, social, etc.)
Includes the following qualities:
1. Having satisfying social relationships
2. Having a feeling of control over life and living conditions
3. Being able to do things that you enjoy
4. Having a sense of purpose
5. Feeling connected to a community
The Medical Approach to Health
Focuses on treatment of disease, emphasized that medical intervention restores health. Health problems are defined as physiological risk factors to disease.
downstream approach - does not focus on health promotion, only treatment
The Behavioral Approach to Health
Places responsibility on the lifestyle choices and behavior’s of INDIVIDUALS
Primary Prevention - promotes individual health practices via healthy behaviour aimed to decrease behavioural risks
The Population Approach to Health
Aims to improve the health of the entire population and to reduce health inequities among population groups
Identifies and recognizes the interactions between individual and societal factors that determine population health status
Socio-Environmental Approach to Health
Views health as the product of both individual and social, economic and environmental determinants that provide incentives and barriers to health
Determinants:
1. Physiological Risk Factors - genetic
2. Psychosocial Risk Factors - mental and social
3. Behavioural Risk Factors - health harming behaviours
4. Environmental Risk Conditions - economic and environmental
The Ottawa Charter
declaration that identifies the prerequisites for health and 5 major strategies to promote health
Socio-Environmental Approach to Health
Prerequisites for Health - Ottawa Charter
- Peace
- Shelter
- Education
- Food
- Income
- Stable ecosystem
- Sustainable resources
- Social justice
- Equity
5 Major Strategies to Promote Health -Ottawa Charter
- Build healthy public policy
- Strengthen community action
- Create supportive environment
- Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
Achieving Health for All: Health Promotion Framework
Identifies:
3 health challenges
3 health promotion mechanisms
3 implementation strategies
emphasizes society’s responsibility for providing supports via implementation strategies for health promotion
Jakarta Declaration
acknowledged the Ottawa Charter’s prerequisites of health and added:
1. empowerment of women
2. social security
3. respect for human rights
4. social relations
Bangkok Charter
Affirmed health as a human right and emphasized mental and spiritual well being as important elements
Toronto Charter
Identified social determinants of health as crucially important
Recognized that social and health policies increase social and economic inequalities and health disparities - society has a responsibility to reduce these
