Lecture 4. Mendel Laws Flashcards
What are Mendel’s three laws?
- Particulate segregation
- Independent Assortment
- Law of Dominance
What two tools are used to analyze crossing and genetic data?
The punnet square analysis and the chi square test
What heredity theory was before mendel?
Blending , parents make an average hybrid of traits
What is the difference between genetic co-dominance and incomplete dominance?
Co-dominance is the expression of both traits, and incomplete dominance is the presence of an incomplete intermediate phenotype.
What Mendel Law states that biological inheritance is particulate?
Mendel’s Law of Particulate Segregation
What does Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment state?
Unlinked gene pairs segregate independently
What Mendel Law expresses some alleles over others?
Mendel’s Law of Dominance
What does Particulate Inheritance lead to that blending does not?
The return of parental phenotypes from recessive genes
Why did Mendel do his work with peas? (4)
Easy to grow
Contain both male and female parts in one plant
Self-pollination happens before flowers open
Peas can be cross pollinated by hand
How did Mendel identify pure-breeding pea plants?
It consistently showed 1 trait after generations of self-pollination
What did Mendel find about the 7 pea alleles?
They are all dominant/non dominant and so they follow the 3:1 ratio of outcomes
What is the chi-square test?
It is the Goodness of Fit test of distribution. It rejects the null or alternative hypothesis
What is the ratio of outcomes for a AB dominant dihybrid cross?
9:3:3:1
