Gene and Genome annotation Flashcards
What is gene annotation?
The process of finding and designating locations of genes on raw DNA sequences
What are the two reasons that gene annotation has improved in the last 30 years?
- Build up of a reference dataset
- The exponential growth in computer processing
What are the two types of gene annotation?
Structural and Functional
What is structural annotation?
It maps out the what and where (their structure, coding regions, and locations of regulatory sequences)
What is functional gene annotation?
It explores the how and why of genes (biological/chemical function and regulations)
What database is built to describe the functions of genes across different species?
The Gene Ontology Database
What are the 3 mains aspects of the Gene ontology database?
- Molecular function - activities performed by products
- Biological process - biological objectives
- Cellular Component - locations within cells where gene products are active
Why are eukaryote genes complex?
They have large numerous intergenic regions and introns
The coding regions compose only a minor portion of the gene
What is cDNA?
It is a form of synthesized complementary DNA from RNA
What is the process of making cDNA called?
Reverse transcription
What is the point of cDNA?
It has already spiced out the introns, so its just exons and some UTR regions
What is the error rate of splice annotation?
1/150-250
Why are prokaryotic genes easier to annotate than eukaryotic?
They typically lack introns
How many reading frames as there in DNA?
6 (3 in the top, 3 on the bottom)
What is evidence that an ORF will encode a protein?
- It encodes a protein similar to a previously described one
- It is preceded by a typical promoter
- It is preceded by a typical ribosome-binding site
