Inheritance patterns and Pedigree Analysis Flashcards
What happens when there is a mutation in the bHLH gene of a pea flower?
There is a white phenotype due to the lack of anthocyanin pigmentation
What is the process that turned garden pea flowers white to pink?
White petals were complemented (injected with wild type A alleles) which induced the transcription factor for colour
What are monogenic conditions?
Mutations in a single gene
What 4 different factors effect inheritance?
- Gene location
- Gene copies
- Epigenetics
- Environment
What are the 6 inheritance patterns of monogenic diseases?
- Autosomal Dominant
- Autosomal recessive
- X-linked Dominant
- X-linked recessive
- Y-linked
- Mitochondrial
What is the inheritance pattern of a mitochondrial monogenic disease?
The mother passes on the disease to all children, and affected fathers would not.
What should the sex-ratio of children of recessive/dominant autosomal inheritance phenotype be?
Roughly 1, it is not sex-dependent
What is the difference between recessive and dominant autosomal inheritance phenotypes?
Recessive traits can skip a generation
What is the sex-ratio of y-linked inheritance patterns?
It is only males because they have a Y chromosome
What happens to the sex-ratio in x-linked dominant inheritance?
Females are more frequently affected because the children of an affected male will only have female expression.
What happens to the sex-ratio in x-linked recessive inheritance?
Generally males are more frequently affected appearing in each generation
What blood type is the universal donor? What about universal acceptor?
O is universal donor, AB is universal acceptor
What type of dominance is blood type? Why?
co-dominance as o, a, and b alleles are expressed equally on the surface of OAB blood type people
What is OMIM?
Its a collection of human genes and phenotypes
What is a pedigree?
It is a family history that represents family members and relationships
