Lecture 4: Immunological Techniques Flashcards
What is an antibody?
Specific proteins that are secreted by leukocytes in response to antigens.
When bound to antigen, not easily dislodged by washing or by minor changes in environment.
Used in the detection methods of immunostaining are derived from IgG and IgM.
What is an antigenic epitope?
An antigenic determinant is part of an antigen that is recognised by the immune system. Usually non-self proteins (bacterial or viral in nature, or even cell membrane proteins).
How are antibodies produced?
What is the difference between the production of polyclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibodies?
What are the pros and cons of monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies?
What methods are there for the visualisation of antibodies?
What is a fluorochrome?
What microscope is used with fluorochromes?
What does the term immunohistochemistry refer to?
What is IHC used for?
What is the process of antigen retrieval?
What types of epitope retrieval methods are there?
Enzyme-Induced Epitope Retrieval (EIER)
Heat Induced Epitope Retrieval (HIER)
What is immunoenzymatic staining?
Staining is the result of the reaction of a substrate (chromogen) with an enzyme. Result is an insoluble coloured product.
What methods of IHC staining are there?
The direct method
The indirect method
The three-step method
The Polymer method
What is the direct method of staining?
