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Host Defense > Lecture 4: Immunoglobulin Structure > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Immunoglobulin Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What do the differences in Ig class represent?

A

Heavy chain type (mu, gamma, episilon, alpha, delta)

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2
Q

What determines the Ig isotype?

A

H chains (heavy chains)

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3
Q

True or false: One immunoglobulin will be kappa or lambda, never both

A

TRUE - either have 2 lambda or 2 kappa, never one of each

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4
Q

What is the Fab region of an antibody?

A

antigen binding site

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5
Q

What is the Fc region?

A

constant region (heavy chain)

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6
Q

What are the 5 classes of antibodies?

A 
G
M
D
A
E
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7
Q

What form is IgM found in in the body?

A

pentameric (can bind to 10 antigens)

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8
Q

What form is IgA found in in the blood?

A

monomeric

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9
Q

What form is IgA in mucosal secretions?

A

dimeric

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10
Q

What holds the two IgA monomers together?

A

J chain

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11
Q

Where is the ONLY place IgA is found?

A

Mucosa

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12
Q

Where is the secretory component on the IgA chain?

A

around the Fc part (hugging the J chain)

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13
Q

All immunoglobulins are in the serum except for which one?

A

IgD (which is on the surface of a B cell)

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14
Q

Of the 100mg/mL total protein in blood, what percentage is immunoglobulin?

A

10

50% albumin

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15
Q

What is the half life of antibodies?

A

3 weeks

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16
Q

What is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

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17
Q

What is the complement system?

A

series of enzymatic reactions that happen when antibody binds antigen leading to lysis of cell

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18
Q

Crosslinking of ______ on mast cells leads to degranulation

A

IgE (release of granules leads to histamine release causing allergy)

19
Q

What antibody sits on the surface of mast cells?

A

IgE

20
Q

When does cross linking on the mast cell occur?

A

In the presence of an antigen

21
Q

How is the IgE anchored to the mast cell?

A

Fc receptor

22
Q

What immunoglobulin is responsible for the allergic response?

A

IgE (contents released from mast cell degranulation lead to response)

23
Q

What are 3 methods mediate humoral immunity?

A

1) Neutralization (antibody prevents bacterial adherence)
2) Opsonization (antibody promotes phagocytosis)
3) Complement activation (antibody activates complement, which enhances opsonization and lyses some bacteria)

24
Q

What does activation through Fc receptors require?

A

aggregation of Ig (allows crosslinking of Fc receptors)

25
Q

What does Fc receptor binding do?

A

activate cells and mobilize them to action (ex: destruction of bacteria by macrophage)

26
Q

When is the critical time for infection in babies in terms of antibody levels?

A

6-9 months (maternal antibodies plummet and baby is not making much of their own)

27
Q

What antibody does baby make first?

A

IgM

28
Q

Define monoclonal antibodies

A

clone of B cells

29
Q

Define polyclonal antibodies

A

multiple clones of B cells (many different B cells make many different antibodies that recognize multiple epitopes on antigen)

30
Q

What is the predominant Ab induced in primary response?

A

IgM

31
Q

What is the predominant Ab induced in secondary response?

A

IgG

32
Q

What Ab is found on the surface of B cells?

A

IgD

33
Q

Define variable region

A

combination of variable region of H chain and L chain

34
Q

Which antibody is pentameric in its secreted form?

A

IgM

35
Q

How do you identify a B cell as such?

A

Look for monomeric IgM attached

36
Q

Which antibody crosses the placenta?

A

IgG (due to FcRn on placenta)

37
Q

Which antibody occurs as a dimer?

A

IgA (but predominantly monomeric in serum)

38
Q

What is the function of antibodies?

A

bind and neutralize pathogens (facilitate uptake of pathogen by phagocytic cells thru Fc receptor or complement receptors on phagocyte)

39
Q

What cells possess Fc receptors?

A

phagocytic cells (macs and DCs), NK cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells

40
Q

What is the half life for antibody titers?

A

Tetanus: 11 years
Measles: 3014 years

41
Q

When do Ig genes undergo somatic DNA recombination?

A

During B cell ontogeny

42
Q

Which class of exons are at the 5’ end?

A

V region

43
Q

What follows the V region in the heavy chain? light chain?

A

Heavy chain: D

Light chain: J

Host Defense (21 decks)

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