Lecture 3: Innate Immunity Flashcards
Function of innate immunity is contained primarily in leukocytes of __________ lineage
myeloid
What lymphoid cells also have innate function?
NK cells
Are macrophages long or short lived?
Long
How do macrophages and neutrophils counter threats?
1) Phagocytosis
2) Mediator production (cytokines, hydrolases, ROS)
Why is inflammation, the result of the innate response, so dangerous if uncontrolled?
It is the result of non-specific innate activity so toxic granules affect host tissue too
What happens to the vasculature at sites of inflammation?
Increased vascular permeability
What are the 4 hallmarks of inflammation?
1) Rubor (redness)
2) Dolor (pain)
3) Calor (heat)
4) Tumor (swelling)
How is the inflammatory response initiated?
PAMPs or DAMPs are recognized by neutrophils, etc which bind to them and express proinflammatory cytokines
What are the 4 classes of pathogen recognition receptors?
1) Toll-like
2) NOD
3) C-type lectin
4) Rig-I-like (recognize viral RNA)
What are one big set of cells that distinguish the innate immune system from the adaptive one?
Phagocytes
What are 2 types of phagocytes?
1) Macrophages
2) Neutrophils
What is usually the first cell to encounter a pathogen?
Macrophages
What is Opsonization?
coating of particles by molecules that enhance recognition by phagocytes (ex: adaptive immunity opsonizes pathogens with antibodies)
The innate immune system opsonizes pathogens with proteins of the _________ _____
complement system
Upon activation by a stimulus, phagocytes (particular macrophages) produce ________, _______, and _________
cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins