Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy-Principals > Lecture 4: How does the cardiovascular system work? > Flashcards

Lecture 4: How does the cardiovascular system work? Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 circulations of the Cardiovascular system?

A

Systemic and pulmonary circulations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which organ does the pulmonary circulation supply?

A

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which organs does the systemic circulation supply?

A

All the organs, tissues and cells of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The midline space between the two lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the heart’s location in the body. (3)

A
  • Slightly left of the midline
  • Deep to the body of the sternum
  • Deep to the medial ends of costal cartilages 2 and 6.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

A 3 layered bag located in the mediastinum that protects the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three layers of the pericardium? (Outer to inner)

A
  • Fibrous pericardium
  • Parietal serous pericardium
  • Visceral serous pericardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the positive functions of the fibrous pericardium? (2)

A
  • Prevents overfilling of the heart.

- Prevents cardiac injury (For example from penetrating knife injuries.)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is haemopericardium?

A

When the pericardium fills with blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cardiac tamponade?

A

When pressure of fluid surrounding the heart prevents it’s contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a negative feature of the fibrous pericardium?

A

If haemopericardium occurs, it causes cardiac tamponade.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are cardiac myocytes?

A

Spirals of cardiac tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Name and describe the three layers of tissue that make up the heart.

A
  • Epicardium (Visceral serous pericardium)
  • Myocardium (Makes up most of the heart wall, made up of cardiac myocytes).
  • Endocardium (internal lining, continuous with the endothelium of connecting blood vessels)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Name the three clinically important surfaces of the heart.

A
  • Anterior (sternocostal) surface
  • Base (posterior surface)
  • Inferior (Diaphragmatic surface)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the process that pumps blood from the heart.

A

Cardiac myocytes contract (Think “wringing out”) in a coordinated fashion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the septum?

A

The internal wall of the heart that separates it into a left and right section.

17
Q

Describe the function of the right side of the heart.

A

Pumps deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation into the pulmonary circulation.

18
Q

Describe the function of the left side of the heart.

A

Pumps oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circulation into the systemic circulation.

19
Q

Describe the blood flow through the heart naming the vessels and structures is passes through. (Start with vena cava) (8)

A
  • Vena cava
  • Right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arteries
  • Lungs
  • Pulmonary veins
  • Left atrium
  • Left ventricle
20
Q

Name the valve between the Right atrium and ventricle.

A

Tricuspid valve

21
Q

Name the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk.

A

Pulmonary valve

22
Q

Name the valve between the left atrium and ventricle.

A

Bicuspid (Mitral) valve

23
Q

Name the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta.

A

Aortic valve

24
Q

What is the function of the heart valves?

A

They ensure unidirectional flow of blood.

25
Q

Where does conduction in the heart start, and where is this position anatomically?

A

At the Sinoatrial Node (SAN), located on the superior wall of the right atrium.

26
Q

What is the interatrial septum?

A

The wall that separates the left and right atria.

27
Q

Describe the route of impulses from the atria to the ventricles.

A
  • Sinoatrial node
  • Atrioventricular node
  • Atrioventricular bundle
28
Q

What is the function of the cardiac skeleton?

A

It restricts the spread of the cardiac impulses by acting as an insulator.

29
Q

Describe the parts of the cardiac skeleton. (7)

A
  • Fibrous ring of pulmonary valve.
  • Fibrous ring of aortic valve
  • Crux of the heart (Junction of all 4 chambers)
  • Fibrous ring of tricuspid valve
  • Fibrous ring of mitral valve
  • Fibrous parts of interatrial septum
  • Fibrous parts of interventricular septum
30
Q

What is fibrillation?

A

An uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac myocytes that results in ineffective pumping of blood.

31
Q

What is the cardiac plexus?

A

The mixture of nerves that supply the heart.

32
Q

Describe the action of the sympathetic nerves on the heart. (2)

A
  • Increase heart rate

- Increase force of contraction

33
Q

Describe the action of the parasympathetic nerves on the heart. (1)

A

Decrease heart rate

Anatomy-Principals (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions