Lecture 4: Gynecology Flashcards
What are the 4 main components of the Uterus?
1) Fundus
2) Body
3) Isthmus
4) Cervix
What is the entrance point for the Uterine tubes into the Uterus?
Uterine Horns
What are the divisions of the Cervix?
1) Supravaginal Part
2) Vaginal part
3) Cervical canal
Once inside the uterine cavity describe the structures passed through to the vagina.
- Uterine Cavity
- Internal Uterine Os
- Cervical Canal
- External Uterine Os
- Vagina
CN: What was the leading cause of death of North American women until the 1940’s; what changed this?
- Cervical Cancer
- Advent of the Papanicolaou Smear
- Able to detect premalignant cervical conditions
CN: Describe the proportions of the uterus in an infant, postpartum, during puberty, post-menopausal, and a multiparous adult
Infant: Uterus has adult proportions (2/3 body to 1/3 cervix) due to maternal hormonal influence (2:1 ratio)
Postpartum: Uterus reduces to a 1/2 body : 1/2 cervix ration (1:1 ratio)
Puberty: Body of the Uterus returns again to the 2/3 size until Menopause (2:1 ratio)
Post-menopausal: Returns to a 1/2 to 1/2 ratio (1:1 ratio)
Multiparous adult: Can have a ratio of 3:1
What are the 3 layers of the Uterine wall from outer to inner?
1) Perimetrium (outer layer, serous coat of Peritoneum)
2) Myometrium (middle muscular layer)
3) Endometrium (inner mucous layer)
CN: What is a Partial Hysterectomy?
- Removes the Uterus
- Leaves the Cervix, Uterine Tubes, and Ovaries
CN: What is a Total Hysterectomy?
- Removes the Uterus and Cervix
- Leaves the Utrine tubes and Ovaries
CN: What is a Radical Hysterectomy?
- Removes the uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and a good stretch of vagina
CN: A hysterectomy involves an incision where?
Through the Anterior Abdominal Wall or Vagina
What are the Gubernaculum Remenants in a Female?
Upper portion: in inguinal fold becomes ligament of the ovary
Lower portion: in inguinal canal becomes round lig of the uterus
What are the 3 components of the Broad Ligament of the Uterus?
1) Mesovarium: covers ovary
2) Mesosalpinx: covers uterine tube
3) Mesometrium: covers uterus
What is the Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary?
- Not a true ligament
- Ovarian vessels clumped together and wrapped in peritoneum
The round ligament of the uterus runs a similar course as which male structure?
Ductus Deferns
Describe the path of an oocyte from the ovary to the uterus?
- Leaves ovary through Abdominal Ostium into the Infundibulum
- Moves from Infundibulum to the Ampulla of Uterine Tube
- Goes through the Isthmus of Uterine Tube and into the Uterine part of Uterine Tube
- Moves through Uterine Ostium and into the Uterus
What is the Abdominal Ostium?
Opening that leads from Peritoneal Cavity to the Infundibulum of Uterine Tube
What are Fimbriae of the Uterine Tube; and the Ovarian Fimbria?
- Finger-like projections from the end of the Infundibulum over the Ovaries
- Ovarian Fimbria is one long infundibular fimbria that attaches to the superior end of the ovary (anchor)
What is the Ampulla and Isthmus of the Uterine Tube?
Ampulla: longest portion, from the Infundibulum to the Isthmus
Isthmus: thick-walled portion which enters the Uterus Horn
What is the Uterine Ostium?
Opening that leads from the Uterine tube to the Uterine Cavity
CN: What does ligation of the Uterine tube involve and why is it done?
- Done either Abdominally or Laproscopically through the umbilicus
- Involves ligating (banding, cauterizing, or tied/cutting) the uterine tubes so that Oocytes never reach the Uterine Cavitty
What are the Ovaries suspended by and responsible for?
- Suspended by Mesovarium
- Responsible for expulsion of Oocytes
Label A-C of the Vagina
A) Posterior Vaginal fornix
B) Vagina
C) Anterior Vaginal fornix
What is the Mons Pubis and Pudendal Cleft?
Mons Pubis: rounded, fatty prominence anterior to the Pubic Symphysis
Pudendal Cleft: anterior slit between Labia Majora
What is the Labia Majora and the 2 Commissure associated with it?
- Prominent skin folds, project External Urethral and Vaginal Orifices
1) Anterior Labial Commissure: junction of Rt. and Lf. Labia Majora, anterior to the Angle of the Clitoris
2) Posterior Labial Commissure: posterior limit of the pudendum, overlies the perineal body, usually NOT present after first vaginal birth
What is the Labia Minora; what part of it only exists pre-sexual activity?
- Folds of fat-free, hairless skin enclosed within Pudedal Cleft and Labia Majora
- Frenulum (Fourchette), small posteriorly located transverse mucosal fold, exists pre-sexual activity
What are the parts of the Clitoris?
- Glans Clitoris
- Angle of Clitoris
- Body of Clitoris
- Crura of Clitoris (Right and Left Crus)
- Prepuce of Clitoris
- Frenula of Clitoris
- Suspensory L. of the Clitoris
What part of Clitoris is found at pubic symphysis and is described as being composed of 2 Corpora Cavernosa?
Angle of Clitoris
Label A-E
A) Suspensory L. of the Clitoris
B) Angle of the Clitoris
C) Body of the Clitoris
D) Glans Clitoris
E) Prepuce of the Clitoris
What are the 3 pieces of female erectile tissue?
- Clitoris (unpaired)
- Bulbs of the Vestibule (paired)
What female repro. sturctures is homologous to the Bulb and Corpus Spongiosum of the Penis?
- Bulbs of Vestibule (paired, elongated erectile tissue)
What are the Greater and Lesser Vestibular Glands?
Greater = paired glands, posterior to the Bulbs of the Vestibule, secrete mucus upon sexual arousal
Lesser = paired glands on either side of the Vaginal Vestibule, secrete mucus between External Urethral Orifice and Vaginal Orifice moistening Labia and Vaginal Vetibule
