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Endo/Repro I Exam 2 > Lecture 1: Pelvic and Perineal Osteology and Arthrology > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Pelvic and Perineal Osteology and Arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the pelvic brim separate?

A
  • The greater (false) pelvis (superior) from the lesser (true) pelvis (inferior)
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2
Q

What is L5 spondylolisthesis?

A

Abnormal anteriorly directed separation of the L5 vertebral segment from the Sacrum.

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3
Q

What is L5 Spondylolysis?

A

Separation of the vertebral arch from the vertebral body

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4
Q

What is the Interpubic disc?

A

Fibrocartilagionous disc between right and left pubic symphyseal surfaces

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5
Q

Which ligaments create the greater and lesser sciatic foramina; what are their function?

A

Greater = Sacrospinous lig

Lesser = Sacrotuberous lig

  • Prevent rotation of the sacrum/coccyx
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6
Q

What makes up the superior and inferior pelvic aperature; what is found passing between them?

A

Superior = pelvic inlet; exists at the pelvic brim between the greater and lesser pelves

Inferior = pelvic outlet

*Pelvic canal is the passage between the 2 Aperatures

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7
Q

Anteroposterior compression of the pelvis produces what type of fractures?

A

Both the superior and inferior pubic rami

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8
Q

Lateral forces/compression will lead to what kind of fractures?

A
  • Squeezes the acetabulum and ilia together breaking both
  • Head of femur will be forced through the acetabulum
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9
Q

What are the 4 weak areas of the pelvis?

A

1) Pubic rami
2) Acetabulum
3) Sacroiliac joints
4) Ala

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10
Q

The lesser or true pelvis is the area defined by what superiorly, inferiorly, laterally/anteriorly, and posteriorly?

A

Superiorly: pelvic brim (pelvic inlet)

Inferiorly: muscular pelvic diaphragm

Laterally/anteriorly: lower 1/2 of the hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis)

Posteriorly: sacrum and the coccyx

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11
Q

What is found in the Greater (false) pelvis?

A

Occupied by abdominal viscera (cecum, sigmoid colon, etc..)

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12
Q

What is the normal male type of pelvis; what is the pelvic outlet, pubic arch/subpubic angle, obturator foramen, acetabulum and greater sciatic notch?

A
  • Android pelvis

Pelvic outlet: small

Pubic arch/subpubic angle: narrow (<70°)

Obturator foramen: Round

Acetabulum: Large

Greater Sciatic notch: Narrow (70°); inverted V

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13
Q

What is the normal female type of pelvis; what is the pelvic outlet, pubic arch/subpubic angle, obturator foramen, acetabulum and greater sciatic notch?

A
  • Gynecoid pelvis

Pelvic outlet: comparitively large

Pubic arch/subpubic angle: Wide (>80°)

Obturator formaen: Oval

Acetabulum: Small

Greater sciatic notch: Almost 90°

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14
Q

What sex does this pelvis belong to and how do you know?

A
  • Female
  • Sacrum is wider, shorter, sacral curvature is accentuated
  • Coccyx is more moveable; straighter
  • Greater sciatic notch is wide and shallow
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15
Q

What sex does this pelvis belong to and how do you know?

A
  • Male
  • Sacrum is narrow; longer; sacral promontory more ventral
  • Coccyx is less moveable; curves ventrally
  • Greater sciatic notch is narrow and deep
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16
Q

What are each of these pelvis types, A-D?

A
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17
Q

Label A-C

A

A) Transverse Acetabular L

B) Obturator canal

C) Obturator membrane

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18
Q

Label the arrows from top to bottom

A
  • Posterior Longitudinal L.
  • Anterior Longitudinal L.
  • Ligamentum flavum
  • Anterior Sacroiliac L.
  • Sacrospinous L
  • Ischial spine
  • Sacrotuberous L.
  • Anterior sacrococcygeal L.
  • Posterior sacrococcygeal L.
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19
Q

What are the attachment points for the inguinal lig?

A

From the ASIS to the Pubic Tubercle

20
Q

Label A-C; what do these make up?

A

A) Superior pubic L

B) Interpubic disc

C) Inferior pubic L.

*Make up the Pubic Symphysis

21
Q

What type of joint is the Sacroiliac joint?

A

Compound Joint

22
Q

What type of joint is found anteriorly on the sacroiliac and what surfaces does it cover?

A
  • Planar synovial
  • Between auricular surface of the sacrum and articular surface of the ilium
23
Q

Label A-G; what type of joint is this?

A

A) Iliolumbar L.

B) Lumbosacral L

C) Anterior Longitudinal L.

D) Anterior Sacroiliac L.

E) Sacrotuberous L.

F) Sacrospinous L

G) Anterior Sacrococcygeal L

*Planar Synovial Joint

24
Q

What type of joint is found posteriorly on the sacroiliac and what surfaces does it cover?

A
  • Fibrous Syndesmosis
  • Sacral and Ischial Tuberosities
25
Q

Label A-E; what type of joint?

A

A) Iliolumbar L.

B) Short Posterior Sacroiliac L.

C) Long Posterior Sacroiliac L.

D) Sacrotuberous L

E) Posterior Sacrococcygeal L

*Fibrous Syndesmosis*

26
Q

What type of joint is between the sacrum and coccyx?

A

Sacrococcygeal: Symphysis

27
Q

The peritoneum in the male covers what; what depressions does it create?

A
  • The pelvic viscera; covering the superior and lateral aspects of the: Urinary Bladder and Rectum
  • Rectovesical pouch
  • Pararectal Fossae
  • Paravesical Fossa
28
Q

The peritoneum in the female covers what structures; what does it create?

A
  • Covers superior and lateral aspects of the: Urinary Bladder, Uterus, Uterine Tubes, Ovaries, and Rectum
  • Rectouterine Pouch
  • Vesicouterine Pouch
  • Pararectal Fossae
  • Paravesical Fossae
  • Broad Ligament of the Uterus
29
Q

What is the Broad Ligament of the Uterus and what are its parts?

A
  • Double layer of peritoneum (mesentery)
    1) Mesometrium: part that suppports the Uterus
    2) Mesosalpinx: part that supports the Uterine Tube
    3) Mesovarium: part that supports the Ovary
    4) Suspensory Ligament of the Ovary: encloses the ovarian vessel
30
Q

What does the Parietal Membranous Pelvic Fascia cover?

A

Lines the muscular walls of the pelvis: Obturator internus, Piriformis, Levator Ani Ms., and Coccygeus M

31
Q

What does the Obturator Fascia form?

A
  • Walls of the Pudendal Canal
  • Tendinous Arch of the Levator Ani Ms.
32
Q

What ligaments form the anterior and posterior part of the Tendinous Arch of Pelvic Fascia in Females?

A

Anterior: Pubovesicle L

Posterior: Uterorsacral L

*Composed of Parietal Membranous Pelvic Fascia

33
Q

What ligaments form the anterior and posterior part of the Tendinous Arch of Pelvic Fascia in Males?

A

Anterior: Puboprostatic L.

Posterior: Rectoprostatic L.

*Composed of Parietal Membranous Pelvic Fascia

34
Q

What are the 2 types of Endopelvic fascia?

A

1) Loose Endopelvic Fascia: Fat filled space
2) Condensed Endopelvic Fascia: Dense collagen and elastic fibers

35
Q

What is the Hypogastric sheath composed of and what is its function?

A
  • Thick band of condensed endopelvic fascia, serves as conduit for nerves and vessels going from the lateral pelvic wall to pelvic viscera, including the Ureters and in the male the Ductus Deferens
36
Q

What are the divisions of the hypogastric sheath and what ligaments are associated with each?

A

1) Anterior Lamina: Lateral L. of the Bladder
2) Middle Lamina:
- Transverse Cervical L (Cardinal L.)
- Rectovesical Septum (males)
3) Posterior Lamina: Lateral Rectal L.

37
Q

What shape does the Perineal Fascia of the pelvis make; what defines its borders?

A
  • Quadrangular space; can be divided into 2 triangles: Urogenital and Anal
  • Pubic symphysis (anteriorly)
  • Coccyx (posteriorly)
  • Ischial Tuberosities (laterally)
38
Q

What are the contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch in Males?

A
  • Bulb and Crura of the Penis
  • Superficial Perineal Muscles
  • Proximal Spongy Urethra
  • Branches of the Internal Pudendal A and V
  • Branches of the Pudendal N.
39
Q

What are the contents of the Superficial Perineal Pouch in Females?

A
  • Crura of the Clitoris
  • Bulbs of the Vestibule
  • Superficial Perineal Ms.
  • Greater Vestibular Glands
  • Branches of the Internal Pudendal A. and V.
  • Branches of the Pudendal N.
40
Q

What are the contents of the Deep Perineal Pouch in Males?

A
  • Membranous Urethra
  • Muscles of the Urogenital Diaphragm
  • Bulbourethral Glands
41
Q

What are the contents of the Deep Perineal Pouch in Females?

A
  • Muscles of the Urogenital Diaphragm
  • Neurology
42
Q

What are the 2 important contents of the Anal triangle?

A

1) Ischioanal Fossa
2) Pudendal Canal

43
Q

Where does the Superficial Perineal Fascia arise from; what are its components; what does it form in the males and females?

A
  • Continous w/ the Superficial Fascia of the Abdomen, made up of a Fatty and Membranous Component
    1) Fatty (superficial)
  • Females: fatty layers of the Labia Majora and the Mons Pubis
  • Males: replaced by the penis and scrotum in the
    2) Membranous (deep)
  • Forms the Dartos Fascia of the penis and scrotum
44
Q

What does the Deep Perineal Fascia form in Males?

A
  • Suspensory L. of the Penis
  • Perineal Membrane
  • Deep Fascia of the Penis
45
Q

What demarcates the pelvic brim?

A

Pectineal and arcuate line = linea terminalis

Endo/Repro I Exam 2 (17 decks)

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