Lecture 4 - Frames, choices, and human rationality Flashcards
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What are the standards of rationality? (When we say something is rational, what do we mean by that?)
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See page 1 in G doc notes.
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Describe Tversky & Kahneman (1981) study on framing and decisions.
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See page 1-2 in G doc notes.
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Describe a study that shows how might framing effects be used in real life (e.g., advertising).
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Levin & Gaeth (1988)
See page 3 in G doc notes.
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Describe McKenzie & Nelson (2003) study.
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See page 4-5 in G doc notes.
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What are the conversational implications of framing effects?
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See page 5 in G doc notes.
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Describe Sher & Mckenzie (2006) study about framing and information leakage.
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See page 6 in G doc notes.
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Read yellow + green writing on page 6-7 in G doc notes.
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Read purple writing on page 7 in G doc notes.
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Read:
Framing effects and rationality (overview):
If speakers choose between logically equivalent ways of framing a situation in an informative way…
…and if listeners are sensitive to this tendency of speakers…
…then changing your judgement depending on whether a positively or negatively valenced frame is used is rational (i.e., you’re using all the information available to you)
Unknown reference points/implicatures make studying rationality very hard!
- You don’t necessarily know how participants understand a question.
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Lecture Summary:
- Different judgements in response to different ways of framing the same information might suggest people aren’t behaving rationally.
- However, the chosen frame “leaks” information from the speaker to the listener about the speaker’s evaluation of the situation
> i.e., the chosen frame is informative - Taking the chosen frame into account in arriving at a judgement makes sense.
> a different frame implicates a different evaluation of the situation.
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