Lecture 4- Embryology and Puberty Flashcards
What is the most common type of bony pelvis?
Gynecoid (round)
Where do the majority of structures from the GU tract come from?
Mesoderm (middle layer)
During what week do the urogenital ridges form from the mesoderm?
4th week
What do the urogenital ridges form?
Fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portion of the vagina
What do the external genitalia develop from?
Genital swellings in the pelvic region
By what week are gonads structurally male or female?
7 weeks
What are the two pairs of genital ducts?
Mesonephric (wolffian)
Paramesonephric (mullerian)
In the female, which ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus and upper 1/3 of the vagina?
Paramesonephric (mullerian)
What structure forms the lower portion of the vagina?
Vaginal plate
What forms the vaginal plate?
Paramesonephric (mullerian) ducts merge with the urogenital sinus
What is formed from the caudal end of the hindgut?
Cloaca
In females, what forms into the clitoris, the unfused urogenital folds from the labia minora and the labioscrotal swellings.
Genital tubercles
These all make up what:
labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, vestibule and the ducts of the Skene and Bartholin glands which open into the vestibule.
The vulva
What is the the area between the thighs and the buttocks extending from the coccyx to the pubis.
Perineum
What type cells line the vagina?
stratified squamous epithelium
What is visible inside the vagina?
External cervical os
Which ligament contains the arteries, veins, and ureters?
Broad ligament
Where is the area where the fallopian (uterine) tubes enter?
Cornu
what are the three layers of the uterus?
Inner- endometrium (what sheds)
Middle- myometrium
Outer- Perimetrium
What are the three portions of the fallopian tubes?
Isthmus
Ampulla
Infundibulum (have fimbriae)
In fallopian tubes, epithelial lining is _______ to facilitate transport.
ciliated
With Mullerian ageneisis, there is an absence of what?
Uterus, can also have vaginal abnormalities
What occurs when inferior parts of the mullerian ducts do not fuse?
Double uterus, uterine didelphys.
Double or single vagina
Reminants of the menophric ducts may persist and manifest as what?
Gartner cysts- located along vaginal wall or within broad ligament
When do adrenarchy occur?
At approximately 6-8 years of age.
What is the word for breast development?
Thelarchy
What is the sequence of puberty?
Growth acceleration
Thelarchy
Pubarche
Menarche and ovulation
What is the onset of sexual characteristics prior to age 6 in African-Americans and age 7 in Caucasians.
Precocious puberty
What are some causes of GnRH dependent precocious puberty?
Idiopathic
CNS infection/ inflammation
CNS injury
What are some GnRH independent causes of precocious puberty?
Exogenous sex steroids administration Primary hypothyroidism Ovarian tumors Simple Ovarian cyst McCune- Albright Syndrome
What is the most common cause of delayed puberty with an elevated FSH?
Turner Syndrome
When FSH + LH is <10 what type of delayed puberty is indicated?
Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
What is the most common cause of delayed puberty?
Constitutional Delay
What is a syndrome with no GnRH secretion?
Kallman Syndrome
What is the most common tumor associated with delayed puberty?
Craniopharyngioma
What are 3 anatomic causes of abnormal pubertal development?
Mullerian agenesis
Imperforate hymen
Transverse vaginal septum
What is where menstruation occurs at the normal time but blood can’t exit due to obstruction.
Hematocolpos
Which ducts develop into the male epididymis, ductus defrens and ejaculatory ducts?
Mesonephric ducts
WHich ducts disappear in the female embryo?
Mesonephric ducts
What ducts form the fallopian tubes, uterus, and upper portions of the vagina?
Paramesonephric ducts
What gives rise to the lower parts of the vagina?
The vaginal plate
What is the cervical opening to the vagina?
External os
What is congenital absence of the ovaries and what syndrome is it common in?
Ovarian dysgensis; Turner syndrome
What is the term for a double uterus?
Usterus didelphys
What type uterus results when lack of fusion is limited to the superior portion of the uterine body?
Bicornuate uterus
What cause a Garner duct cyst?
Reminants of the mesonephric ducts
