Lecture 4- Edema 8/30 Flashcards
edema is caused by… (5)
- increased hydrostatic pressure with decreased venous return
- lymphatic obstruction
- decreased plasma oncotic pressure
- Na and H2O retention
- inflammation
Anasarca and hydrops are severe forms of…
edema
… is collection of fluid in body cavity or space (transudate or exudate)
effusion
examples are pleural, pericardial, peritoneal
… is increased tissue BV secondary to neurogenic mechanisms or inflammation (Active process)
Hyperemia
… is increased tissue BV secondary to impaired venous return (passive process)
Congestion
… is the loss of blood secondary to vessel injury or physical disruption which can be internal or external
hemorrhage
a … is a large mass (tumor) of blood
hematoma
Type of internal hemorrhage:
An… is a bruise and is greater than or equal to 1 cm
Ecchymosis
Type of internal hemorrhage:
A … is 0.3-0.9cm
Purpura
Type of internal hemorrhage:
A …. is 1-2 mm
Petechia(e)
An acute hemorrhage is called … and it is when you lose more than … of your BV
shock
20%
Chronic hemorrhage can also be called…
anemia
3 major components of hemostasis
- endothelium
- platelets
- coagulation cascade
Platelets 3 actions in hemostasis
- adhesion
- secretion
- aggregation
Platelets adhere through …. factor which bridges between collagen and surface platelet receptor….
von willebrand
Glycoprotein Ib
Platelets secrete … which mediates platelet aggregation and … which is needed for the coagulation cascade. It also has a surface expression of a …. which is a binding site for calcium and coagulation factors
ADP
Calcium
phospholipid complex
Prostacyclin (PGI2) inhibits…
platelet aggregation
Aggregation of platelets is stimulated by … and…
ADP
TXA2
… derived from the coag cascade binds to a platelet surface receptor leading to more aggregation (reversible) and platelet contraction (irreversible)
Thrombin
… binds to the platelet surface receptor GP IIb-IIIa and the platelet plug becomes cemented by…
fibrinogen
fibrin
The coag cascade starts with the … system with … factor and ends with the … system with factor…
extrinsic
tissue
intrinsic factor XII (hageman)
…. and … are the final products of the coag cascade
thrombin and fibrin
the coag cascade is a series of ….
proteolytic conversions
enzyme activity occurs at … on platelet surface
PL complex
