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AU2017 Gen Path Exam 1 > Lecture 3- Inflammation 8/29 > Flashcards

Lecture 3- Inflammation 8/29 Flashcards

1
Q

4 common symptoms of inflammation

A

redness
swelling
heat
pain

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2
Q

acute inflammation results in …. changes and mediators and … events and mediators

A

vascular

cellular

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3
Q

vascular changes in acute inflammation involve… and … which promote fluid and inflammatory cell accumulation in the tissue at site of injury

A

vasodilation

increased vasc. permeability

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4
Q

vasodilation involves the relaxation of … and the engorgement of … with redness and warmth. this is mediated by …, … and …

A

pre-capillary arterioles
capillary beds
NO, histamine and PGs

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5
Q

2 types of fluids associated with fluid accumulation in inflammation

A

transudate

exudate

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6
Q

… is a type of fluid in inflammation that is low protein content, low specific gravity and can occur in non-inflam or inflamm situations

A

transudate

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7
Q

… is a type of fluid in inflammation that is high protein content, high specific gravity and can be fibrinous(few cells), purulent (many cells) or sanguineous (blood)

A

exudate

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8
Q

endothelial cell contraction is mediated by … (4)

A

histamine
bradykinin
leukotrienes
PAF

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9
Q

3 mechanisms of increased vascular permeability

A

endothelial contraction
endothelial retraction
direct injury

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10
Q

Endothelial contraction is … and ….

A

reversible

immediate (transient)

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11
Q

Endothelial retraction is …. and is sustained for…

A

delayed, develops in 4-6 hours

24 (+) hours

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12
Q

Endothelial retraction is mediated by…. (3)

A

IL-1
TNF
IFN-y

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13
Q

Pain is mediated by … and …

A

PGE2

Bradykinin

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14
Q

Fever is mediated by …, …, and …

A

PGE2
IL-1
TNF

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15
Q

direct endothelial injury is mediated by… or by….

A

injurious agents

ROS/enzymes from PMNs

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16
Q

endothelial cells can be activated by… (3)

A

hypoxia
infectious agents
inflammatory mediators

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17
Q

4 actions of activated endothelial cells

A
  1. contraction/retraction
  2. increase expression of adhesion molecules
  3. produce PGI2 and NO (vasodilation)
  4. increase syn. of inflammatory mediators
18
Q

Leukocyte order of events

A
  1. margination- stasis
  2. rolling- selectins (weak)
  3. adhesion- integrins ICAM and VCAM
  4. emigration- PECAM
  5. chemotaxis
19
Q

6 chemotactic factors

A 
PAF
LTB4
C5a
Chemokines
Bacterial lipids and peptides
Fibrin degradation products
20
Q

4 steps of phagocytosis

A
  1. attachment
  2. engulfment
  3. degranulation
  4. oxidative burst
21
Q

…. is active in HOCl production

A

myeloperoxidase

22
Q

In phagocytosis, attachment is mediated by…

A

opsonins IgG, C3b and collectins

23
Q

4 additional mechanisms of intracellular killing by leukocytes

A
  1. defensins
  2. lysozyme
  3. major basic protein
  4. bactericidal permeability- increasing protein
24
Q

the presence of …. defines acute inflammation and are the first cell to emigrate

A

neutrophils (PMNs)

25
Q

Neutrophils respond to … and …, they release … and then they undergo…

A

necrosis
infections
ROS
apoptosis

26
Q

… emigrate within 48 hours and live for months in tissue as…

A

monocytes

macrophages

27
Q

Activated macrophages are important in … and … and can elaborate various factors including (6)

A

phagocytosis
Ag presentation

cytokines
enzymes
ROS and NO
Prostaglandins
plasma proteins 
growth factors
28
Q

3 other inflammatory cells aside from PMNs and macrophages

A

lymphocytes
eosinophils
mast cells

29
Q

… is diffuse tissue infiltration by PMNs with edema

A

Cellulitis

30
Q

… is a localized collection of PMNs or liquefactive necrosis (pus)

31
Q

An … is an erosion of epithelial surface exposing underlying connective tissue

32
Q

2 types of chronic inflammation

A

nonspecific

granulomatous

33
Q

in chronic inflammation, tissue destruction leading to … is common

A

fibrosis (scarring)

34
Q

4 cells of chronic inflammation

A

macrophages
lymphocytes
plasma cells eosinophils

35
Q

granulomatous inflammation is linked to the …. hypersensitivity immune rxn

A

delayed type IV

36
Q

5 diseases characterized by granulomatous inflammation

A 
bacterial (TB)
parasitic
fungal
inorganic material
unknown (crohns)
37
Q

prostaglandins produce … while thromboxane A2 produces

A

vasodilation

vasoconstriction

38
Q

prostaglandins and leukotrienes are derived from … through the action of … or…

A

arachidonic acid
cyclo-oxygenase (Pgs)
lipo-oxygenase (leukotrienes)

39
Q

Aspirin and NSAIDs reduce inflammation by blocking…

A

cyclo-oxygenase activity

40
Q

Histamine released by…. (4)

A
  1. physical injury
  2. ag binding to IgE
  3. C3a and C5a
  4. cytokines
41
Q

3 types of intrinsic capacities for proliferation in wound healing

A
  1. labile (continuously dividing)
  2. stable (some repli.activ)
  3. permanent (nonprolif)

AU2017 Gen Path Exam 1 (11 decks)

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