Lecture 4- Drugs for diabetes Flashcards
what is the biggest problem with hypoglycemia?
brain uses glucose almost exclusively as its source of chemical energy to supply ATP and the brain only has a few minutes worth of glucose stored
the … is responsible for keeping the blood glucose level where it needs to be
liver
if blood glucose is high, the liver ….
stores it as glycogen (glycogenesis)
if blood glucose is low, the liver…
releases it from glycogen (glycogenlysis)
if the liver runs out of glycogen but still thinks blood glucose is low then it will…
make it through gluconeogenesis
hormones produced by the …. are entrusted with regulating blood glucose levels
pancrease
alpha cells secrete…
glucagon
beta cells secrete…
insulin
glucagon acts through a … receptor to elevate … levels and activate… which initiates a cascade leading to liberation of …
G protein coupled
cAMP
Protein Kinase A
glucose from glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle
insulin acts through a … receptor
tyrosine kinase
insulin has these 3 major biochemical effects
- decreases blood glucose levels
- promotes storage of fat
- enhances protein anabolism
major effects of insuling to reduce blood glucose
- stimulate glucose uptake (liver, muscle, adipose)
- increase glycogen synthesis
- decrease gluconeogenesis
what is diabetes insipidus
condition characterized by large amounts of dilute urine and increased thirst
3 acute complications of diabetes (know this)
- diabetic ketoacidosis
- hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
- hypoglycemia
4 ways of diagnosing diabetes
- A1C test
- fasting glucose test
- casual blood glucose test
- oral glucose tolerance test
