Lecture 1- Diuretics/HTN Flashcards
where do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors work?
proximal tubules (where 70% of Na is reabsorbed)
CA inhibitors block transport of
Na and bicarb
Acetazolamide and methazolamide are …
Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitors (diuretic)
an … diuretic is a type of diuretic that inhibitrs reabsorp. of water and sodium. they are pharmacologically inert substances that are given IV. They increase the osmolarity of blood and renal filtrate.
osmotic
Mannitol and isosorbide are … diuretics
osmotic
Loop diuretics work in the …
thick ascending loop (where 25% of Na is reabsorbed)
How do loop diuretics work?
block Na/2Cl/K symporter
loop diuretics can lead to imbalances in …. and … and is also linked to kicking … out
Mg and Ca
K
…. diuretics are used in medicine to treat HTN and edema often due to CHF or renal insufficiency
loop
…. diuretics are more effective in patients with normal kidney function
thiazide
which diuretics are best for patients with impaired kidney fxn?
loop
what allergy do you have to worry about with loop diuretics?
sulfa
furosemide, torasemide, bumetanide are … derivatives and they are all …. diuretics
sulfonamide
loop
thiazide diuretics work where?
distal tubule (5-10% Na reabsorbed here)
how do thiazide diuretics work?
secreted in the proximal tubule but works in the DCT
inhibits Na/Cl symporter from lumen
chlorthalidone, indapamide and metolazone are …. diuretics
thiazide
4 classes of drugs to treat HTN
diuretics
sympathoplegic agents
direct vasodilators
block angiotensin 2 production or activity
3 ways sympathoplegic agents work to treat HTN
act on CNS
reduce release of epi from symp nerve endings
block selective adrenoreceptors
methyl dopa, guanfacine, guanabenze, clonidine are all…
sympathoplegic agents to treat HTN by activating alpha2 receptors in the CNS
Reserpine and Guanethidine are ….
sympathoplegic agents to reduce HTN by reducing release of epi from sympathetic nerve endings
-olol’s treat HTN by blocking… which diminishes … and …
beta receptors
CO
renin production
prazosin, terazpsin, and doxazosin treat …. by blocking…. resulting in blocking ….
HTN
alpha1 receptors
vasoconstriction
4 ways direct vasodilators work
- nitric oxide pro-drugs that promote NO release from the endothelium
- reduce Ca influx into vascular smooth muscle
- hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle by opening K channels
- activation of dopamine receptors
3 nitric oxide pro-drugs
- sodium nitroprusside
- hydralazine
- nitrates, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, amyl nitrate
verapamil, diltiazem, and nifedipine MOA?
direct vasodilators- reduce Ca influx into vascular smooth muscle
minoxidil, diazoxide MOA
treat HTN by causing hyperpolarization of vascular smooth muscle by opening K channels
fenoldopam MOA?
treat HTN by activating dopamine receptors
losartan, valsartan MOA
treat HTN by competitive antagonism of angiotensin receptors
aliskiren is a …. inhibitor
renin
spironolactone, amilorida and eplerenone MOA
treat HTN through aldosterone receptor antagonism
