Lecture 4 (Connective, Muscular, Nervous Tissues) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different resident cell types present in the major classes of connective tissue?

A
  • Immature form (-blast): Actively dividing cells that secrete the ground substance and the fibers characteristics of their particular matrix. Ex: Osteoblast
  • Mature form (-cyte): Once they synthesize in the matrix, the “blast cells” assume their less active mature mode (-cyte). If the matrix is injured they revert back. Ex: Osteocyte
  • Mast cells: Inflammation
  • White blood cells: Immune response
  • Macrophages: Large phagocytising cells
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2
Q

What are the 7 types of connective tissues?

A
  • Areolar connective tissue
  • Dense connective tissue
  • Adipose tissue
  • Elastic connective tissue
  • Cartilage
  • Bone tissue
  • Liquid connective tissue (blood tissue and lymph)
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3
Q

Describe the areolar connective tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Most widely distributed connective tissue in body
  • Contains several types of cells and all 3 types of fibers
  • Location: Subcutaneous layer deep to skin, around blood vessel, nerves, organs.
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4
Q

Describe the adipose connective tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Consists of adipocytes (store fat)
  • Location: wherever areolar tissue is located, subcutaneous layer deep to skin, around heart, kidneys, padding around joints
  • Function: insulation, E.storage, support and protects
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5
Q

Describe the dense connective tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Contains more numerous. thicker and denser fibers (collagen) with fewer cells (fibroblasts)
  • Fibers arranged in patters that provide tissue with great strength
  • Location: Tendons, ligaments
  • Function: provides strong attachment between structures
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6
Q

Describe the elastic connective tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Mostly elastic fibers and some fibroblasts
  • Strong and can recoil to original shape
  • Location: Lung tissue, arteries
  • Function: allows stretching of various organs
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7
Q

Describe the cartilage tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers
  • Has no blood vessels
  • Location: joints between bones, rib cage, nose, ear
  • Function: support, smooth surface for movement of joints.
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8
Q

Describe the bone tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Strongest tissue formed with collagen fibers embedded with mineral deposits and osteocytes
  • Location: most of the skeleton
  • Functions: support and protects, allows movement (attachment of muscle), storage of calcium and phosphorous, site of blood formation.
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9
Q

Describe the blood type of connective tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Blood: Liquid ECM is the plasma (H2O, salts and dissolved proteins). No ground substance or fibers. Made of erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells), platelets.
  • Functions:
    • Transportation:H2O, gases, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, heat
    • Regulation: pH, temperature, H2O balance
    • Protection: blood clotting, defense
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10
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

A
  • Skeletal tissue
  • Smooth tissue
  • Cardiac tissue
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11
Q

Describe the skeletal muscle tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Packaged by connective tissue sheets into organs called skeletal muscle.
  • Voluntary movement
  • Attached to bones by tendons
  • Made of numerous muscle cells called muscle fibers
  • Striated appearance from overlapping myosin and actin filaments.
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12
Q

Describe the cardiac muscle tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Striated with branched cells thats are joined together
  • Location: contractile wall of heart
  • ## Intercalated disks join cardiac muscle cells together
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13
Q

Describe the smooth muscle tissue. Where is it found?

A
  • Lacks cross striations
  • Spindle shaped cells
  • Location: walls of bladder, digestive tract, arteries, internal organs
  • Powers rhytmic, involuntary contractions commanded by the central nervous system
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14
Q

What is the main function of the nervous tissue?

A

Coordinate body activities via nerve impulses

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of nervous tissue? What’s the difference between the 2.

A
  • Neurons: Nerve cells (receive input and send output to other neurons, muscle fibers or glands)
  • Neuroglia: Do not generate nerve impulses (responsible for maintenance)
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16
Q

What are the 3 types of neuroglia? What are their functions?

A
  • Astrocytes: support neurons, remove waste, help maintain environment
  • Microglia: White blood cells of brain (clear away infection or dead cells)
  • Schwann cells: Produce and maintain myelin sheath around axon of neuron
17
Q

Define tissue repair

A

Process that replaces worn out, damaged or dead cells