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Social Gerontology > Lecture 4 - Chapter 4 - Hooyman > Flashcards

Lecture 4 - Chapter 4 - Hooyman Flashcards

1
Q

Type of memory: short term or long?

  • stored facts.
  • little age-related decline
A

Long-Term Memory: Semantic

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2
Q

Type of memory: short term or long?

-conscious recollection of information from a specific event or time

A

Long-term Memory: Episodic memory

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3
Q

Does Episodic memory show age-related decline?

A

Shows age-related decline but can be improved through strategy use

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4
Q

How can Episodic memory be assessed

A

either by recall or recognition

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5
Q

Is multiple choice considered recognition or a recall task?

A

Recognition - because we are choosing from a source

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6
Q

Give an example of a recall task

A

Witness recall of events of a crime etc.

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7
Q

Of the recall and recognition tests, which do older people do better on?

A

recognition tasks

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8
Q

Skill memories are an example of what kind of memories (long, short etc)

A

Long-term procedural memories

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9
Q

What kind of memory strategy is elaboration? (internal/external)

A

external strategy

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10
Q

Another term for internal strategies is…

A

memory mediators

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11
Q

What is the method of loci? internal or external method. Describe…

A

Internal strategy, imagine going on walk with certain

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12
Q

Memory strategies are effective at___________ but not___________

A

are effective in improving memory- but do not “erase” memory decline

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13
Q

Personality:

A unique pattern of_____ and _______ behaviors, ________, and emotions that influences how …

A

Personality
A unique pattern of innate and learned behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that influences how each person responds to and interacts with the environment

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14
Q

Five factor model of personality traits includes which 5 clusters of traits.

CONEA

A

Five factor model of personality traits

  1. Conscientiousness
  2. Openness to experience
  3. Neuroticism (degree of emotional stability)
  4. Extroversion
  5. Agreeableness
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15
Q

Verbal meaning and social judgement are a part of what kind of intelligence?

A

Crystallized

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16
Q

What kind of intelligence increases with education? Does it begin to decline as you age?

A

Crystallized- it may a little but by in large it increases over the persons lifetime

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17
Q

Crystallized intelligence is based on :
1
2.

A

Education & Experience

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18
Q

Verbal scales in the WAIS, tests what kind of intelligence?

A

crystallized

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19
Q

Crystallized intelligence includes what skills:
1
2
3
4
‘His verbal memory and meaning abilities helped his social judgment but not his number skills’

A

1 number skills
2 verbal meaning
3 social judgment
4. verbal memory

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20
Q

What type of intelligence is called ‘native intelligence’

A

Fluid intelligence

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21
Q

abstract and mathematical reasoning are two skills related to

A

FLUID intelligence

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22
Q

T/F Fluid intelligence is largely determined by biology and not related to learning

A

TRUE

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23
Q

What part of the WAIS test Fluid intelligence

A

timed, non-verbal performance scales

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24
Q

Define the Classic Aging Pattern

A

lower functioning on performance tests of skills such as perceptual speed, but stable scores on verbal scales.

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25
Q

According to the Classic Aging Pattern what type of intelligence remains stable over time

A

Crystallized

26
Q

Which intelligence refers to your ability to adapt

A

Fluid

27
Q

Which of the two intelligences F/C declines faster with aging

A

FLuid

28
Q

What other factors may influence performance in verbal, perceptual etc. scales ?(2)

A
  • time constraints
  • age related changes to sensory, perceptual & psychomotor skills (unrelated to intelligence)
    ex: hearing loss may make it difficult to hear, arthritis may reduce speed on non-verbal parts of exam, poor eye site may change sensation and perception
29
Q

Memory is the ability to ________ or _________information and _________ when necessary. It is essential to ___________. Why?

A

Memory is the ability to store or retain information and retrieve it when necessary. It is essential to identity BECAUSE our fond memories of who our family and friends are, even our own ability to recognize ourselves defines our identity as a mother, gramma, wife, person etc.,

30
Q

Three kinds of long term memory:

A

Semantic, episodic and procedural

31
Q

Does procedural memory decline with age?

A

nope

32
Q

The first step in memory referring to information gathered from the senses

A

Sensory

33
Q

Working memory is a ________ stage of ______, ______ and _________ information.

A

Working memory is a TEMPORARY stage of HOLDING, PROCESSING and ORGANIZING information.

34
Q

Another name for working memory is

A

Primary

35
Q

What type of memory decides what kind of memory should be attended to or ignored

A

Working (Primary) Memory

36
Q

Limit for memory of things within 60s

A

7 +/- 2

37
Q

Another name for long term memory

A

secondary

38
Q

Learning occurs when the new information or skills we acquired through our sensory memory becomes…

A

encoded or stored in secondary/long-term memory

39
Q

Does aging influence storage memory capacity? What does?

A

No- BUT the process by which we encode and rehearse new info ends to decline in primary memory

40
Q

Why might the process by which we encode and rehearse new info, decline in primary memory as we age?

A

Perpetual speed may decline
general slowing hypothesis
decline in attentional resources/mental energy

41
Q

What posits that aging causes a slowing of information processing in the nervous system

A

general slowing hypothesis

42
Q

The part of memory which shows the least decline

A

Semantic memory

43
Q

Older adults tend to do better in english classes or math

A

english

44
Q

part of memory that stores meaning of words

A

semantic

45
Q

Tip of tongue states refer to

A

the feeling that we know the name or word for something but we cannot immediately recall it- we may rely on spontaneous recall or strategic search with associated words etc to remember.

46
Q

The ability to organize our learning and then efficiently use the information stored in our secondary memory to plan and make decisions and shift attention from one task to another

A

Executive function

47
Q

T/F Normal aging is associated with only mild declines in executive function

A

T

48
Q

T/F 6 months of aerobic activity will not improve executive function

A

F- it totally helps

49
Q

Older people do better with ________ and worse with ____________

A

better with recognition and worse with free recall

50
Q

What kind of memory do we use when reading a map

A

Spatial memory

51
Q

This theory explains that some people may have trouble recalling info due to some distraction during the learning stage and interference by new information

A

Interference theory

52
Q

visual and verbal links between info encoded and info already in secondary memory

A

mediators

53
Q

the method of location or (loci) whereby people are instructed to walk through their home and associate words along the way is an example of a

A

visual mediator

54
Q

“i before e except after c” is an example of

A

a verbal mediator or mnemonic

55
Q

Three components of cognition: IntLeMe

A

Intelligence, Learning and Memory

56
Q

How to improve brain power:

  1. ____________
  2. ____ hours of sleep
  3. reduce _________
  4. avoid _________
  5. Use ________ content
  6. vary ________

RAVEu7

A
  1. reduce stress
  2. avoid multi-tasking
  3. vary content
  4. exercise
  5. Use emotional content
  6. 7-8 hours of sleep

If you sleep 7-8 hours, vary content and avoid multitasking you can reduce stress. This will increase use of emotional content and help you improve brain power : )

57
Q

The WAIS contains _____ & ________ scales

A

verbal and performance

58
Q

intelligence is the ___________ limit of an ________ _________. It includes 3 abilities…

A

intelligence is the theoretical limit of an individuals performance . It includes 3 abilities:

  1. problem solving
  2. verbal skills
  3. Social competance
59
Q

Intelligence tests measure…

A

PMA: primary mental abilities

60
Q

Primary mental abilities include:

A
  1. mathematical reasonING
  2. ability to conceptualize
  3. spatial relations
  4. capacity to retain & recall from reading perceptual speed.
61
Q

Personality is a _________ pattern of _______ and ____________ behaviours, ________ and ________ that influences how each person responds to and interacts with the environment.

A

Personality is a unique pattern of innate and learned behaviours, thoughts and emotions that influences how each person responds to and interacts with the environment.

Social Gerontology (6 decks)

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