Lecture 4, C 7,8,16 Flashcards
what are tthe critical issues in driving that can be improved by HF?
- visibility
- hazards and collusions
- impaired drivers
name 2 countermeasurs for driving risks
- driving safety improvements
- automation
task analysis: driving
> 3 kinds of tasks
> what subtasks?
driving:
- strategic tasks
> choice of route/ choice of travel time
- tactical tasks
> choice of speed
> lane choice, overtaking
> taking turns
- control tasks
> longitudinal (speed, distance to other cars)
> lateral (position on road)
what are the primary tasks of driving?
primary tasks of driving are
- lane keeping
- hazard monitoring
what are the secondary tasks of driving?
secondary tasks of driving are
- navigation
- scanning for signs
- radio
- cell phone
etc
whats PVAL
Primary visual attention lobe
how can the visibility of PVAL be improved?
- anthropometry
> reachability (no one size fits all)
> visibility of instruments and roadway
- illumination
- road signs
- reduce source competition
how can resource competition (partly) be quantified?
resource competition can partly be quantified by
> glance frequency/duration
> glances should be shorter than 0.8 s and there should be more than 3s between glances
> danger roughly proportional to glance duration
name 4 dangers of speeding
- loss of control more likely
- not detecting hazard/obstruction
- more distance travelled before maneover is made
- greater damage at impact
why do people speed?
- perceptual and cognitive causes
- risky behavior
> underestimate danger
> overestimate driving skills
> inadequate mental modell for hazards
name 3 risks of intelligent/automatic driving systems
- overconfidence in system
- less attention for driving task
- trade safety against efficiency
13 perceptual principles for road signs
- Legible/audible (Lighting/noise)
- Absolut judgement: light amber or orange
- Top-down processing
- Redundancy gain: traffic light - Position and HUE
- Similarity: distinguishable
- Pictorial realism: higher = up, lower = down
- Consistency of movement: Altimeter
- Accessibility of information: manual
- Proximity compatibility principle: compatible information near
- Multiple resources or modalities
- Support with visual information: use of checklist
- Predictive aiding
- Consistency of layout.
Strayer and Johnston
Research about how humans can track single or dual tasks
- Single task to break
- Secondary task is phone/ control task
> Significant difference in probability of miss and reaction time when doing a dual-task
Inattentional blindness
Single VS dual task.
- Single task, after break, way less activity.
- dual task, still activity when supposed to have braked. The brain can’t fully focus on break because it needs to spread attention
