Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Krista: Neuro > Lecture 4: Brain Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Brain Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close on babies?

A

18 Months (according to Valley)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When does the posterior and the anterolateral fontanel close?

A

2 months (Valley review)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When does the Posterolateral fontanel close?

A

2 yrs - This one takes the longest. (Valley Review)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What information does the Cerebrum process?

A

Somatic sensory and motor information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The cerebrum has 2 hemispheres - each is divided into _____ lobes

A

Four

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the Cerebrum?

A

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some of the functions of the Frontal Lobe?

A

Memory formation, Emotions, Decision making/reasoning, Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the Primary Motor Cortex and what is it responsible for?

A

Located in Precentral Gyrus, involved with coordinating movements of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where is Broca’s area and what does it control?

A

Found in the LEFT Frontal Lobe - Controls facial neurons, speech, and language comprehension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What could be the result of damage to Broca’s Area (Broca’s Aphasia)?

A

Ability to comprehend but inability to speak or form words

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the site for Frontal Lobotomies?

A

Orbitofrontal Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the name of the area that houses Cranial Nerve I?

A

Olfactory Bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Summary of Frontal Lobe functions

A

Speech, Emotion/mood/personality, Problem solving, Movements, Judgement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main functions of the Parietal Lobe?

A

Spatial Awareness - proprioception, hand-Eye movement:::Senses and integration of senses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In the Parietal lobe, the Primary Somatosensory Cortex (postcentral Gyrus) is responsible for what?

A

Processing tactile and proprioceptive information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In the Parietal lobe, the Somatosensory Association Cortex is responsible for what?

A

Integration and interpretation of sensations relative to body position and orientation in space. May assist with visuo-motor coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In the Parietal lobe, what area is responisble for taste?

A

Primary Gustatory Cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Damage to the Parietal Lobe can cause problems such as

A

Inability to attend to more than one object at a time. Inability to name an object (anomia). Problems with reading (Alexia). Difficulty drawing objects. Difficulty distinguishing Left from Right. Difficulty doing math (Dyscalculia). Difficulty judging spatial awareness (apraxia). Inability to focus visual attention. Difficulty with Hand/Eye coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Visual Information and interpreting of visual information takes place in what lobe?

A

Occipital lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some issues one might face if they have damage to the occipital lobe?

A

Defects in vision and visual field cuts. Difficulty with colors (color agnosia). Hallucinations and illusions. Inbility to recognize words or drawn objects. Difficulty reading/writing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some of the primary roles of the temporal lobes?

A

Hearing. Organization and comprehension of language. Information retrieval (memory and memory formation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the temporal lobe, what is the Primary auditory Cortex responsible for?

A

hearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In the temporal lobe, what is the funciton of the Primary Olfactory Cortex?

A

Interprets smell information received from the Olfactory Bulb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In the temporal lobe, what is Wernicke’s Area responsible for?

A

Language comprehension and is located in the LEFT temporal lobe

25
If someone is experiencing Wernicke's Aphasia, what symptoms do they likely exhibit?
Can't comprehend language and likley can't form sentences or they might make nonsensical sentences
26
What is the Arcuate Fasciculus?
white matter tract that connects Broca's and Wernicke's areas Damage may result in Conduction aphasia - ability to comprehend but difficulty repeating what was heard
27
Some observed problems from damage to the temporal lobe might include:
Difficulty in recognizing faces (Prosopagnosia). Difficulty in understanding spoken words. Disturbance with selective attention to what we see and hear. Difficulty with identification of, and verbalization about objects. Short-term memory loss. Interference with long-term memory Inability to categorize objects (Categorization). Right lobe damage can cause persistent talking. Increased aggressive behavior.
28
In the Humunculus, why are there some parts of the body that are so out of proportion to the size of the body part?
Means the parts have more or less sensory or motor input
29
What are some of the functions of the Cerebellum?
Provide precise timing for body movement Adjust posture Balance and equilibrium Cerebellar activity is done subconsciouslyProvides precise timing and appropriate patterns of skeletal muscle contraction to coordinate repetitive body movements and assist learning of complex motor behaviors Adjusts the postural muscles of the body, controls balance and equilibrium Recognizes and predicts sequences of Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously Provides timing and coordination of muscle activity Adjusts posture, controls balance and equilibrium Recognizes and predicts sequences of events Cerebellar activity occurs subconsciously
30
Cerebellar lesions can cause what kinds of problems?
Asynergia - lack of muscle coordination Ataxia - lack of organized movement Hypotonia Asthenia - reduced muscle strength
31
What are some of the autonomic functions controlled by the Medulla Oblongata?
Arousal heart rate blood pressure pace for respiration and digestion
32
What cranial nerves are associated with the Medulla Oblongota?
CN IX, X, XI, XII
33
What are some of the control centers present in the Medulla Oblongota?
Cardiovascular control center - force and rate Respiratory center - rate and depth Vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing
34
What is the major control center located in the Pons?
Pneumotaxic Center - controls respiration
35
Which cranial nerves are associated with the Pons?
CN V-VIII
36
What is the function of the midbrain?
Process sight, sound and associated reflexes ## Footnote Maintains Consciousness (reticular formation)
37
Where is the Diencephalon and what does it connect?
located under the cerebrum and cerebellum. Links the cerebrum with the brainstem
38
What is the major function of the diencephalon?
Integrate sensory information with motor commands
39
What cranial nerve is associated with the diencephalon?
CN II (optic)
40
Name three parts of the diencephalon
Pineal Gland - Thalamus - Hypothalamus
41
What hormone is secreted by the Pineal gland?
Melatonin
42
What is the primary funciton of the Thalamus?
Sensory relay station - all sensory information stops here first EXCEPT for smell
43
What are some of the primary functions of the hypothalamus?
"Captain of the ANS, master overseer of homeostasis" - emotions and behavior: Mediates pleasure, fear, rage - regulation of body temp, BP, GI motility, rate and depth of resp and other visceral activities - Drives food intake - water balance, thirst - day/night rhythms - Endocrine: secretes ADH and Oxytoccin
44
What is the function of the pituitary gland?
It is a Major endocrine gland - controls all others
45
How are the Hypothalamus and Pituitary connected?
the Infundibulum
46
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
accessory motor system that helps control complex patterns of activity like writing, using scissors, suturing and throwing a ball
47
How much CSF is formed per day?
500 ml/day or about 21 ml/hr
48
How much CSF does a normal adult have?
150ml
49
From the Choroid plexus to the arachnoid villi, name the pathway the CSF will take (10 steps) Valley pg 94
1. Choroid plexus 2. Lateral ventricles 3. Foramen of Munro 4. Third Ventricle 5. Aqueduct of Sylvius 6. Fourth ventricle 7. Foramen of Lushka and Magendie 8. Subarachnoid space of spinal cord 9. Brain 10 Arachnoid Villi
50
Abbreviated CSF pathway
ventricles --\> arachnoid space --\> dural sinuses and back to circulation
51
What is the site of formation and site of reabsorption of CSF?
Formation - choroid plexus Reabsorption - Arachnoid Villi
52
What cells line the ventricles and what do they form?
Ependymal cells which help form the choroid plexus
53
What membrane covers the surface of the brain?
Arachnoid membrane beneath it is the subarachnoid space
54
how is the Pia Mater anchored to the brain?
with astrocytes - wraps it like Saran Wrap
55
Where is the subdural space?
Between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater
56
where is the subarachnoid space and what does it contain?
Between the arachnoid and pia mater. Filled with CSF, contains collagen/elastin fiber network and spiderweb-like arachnoid trabeculae
57
What are 2 common sites of intracranial bleeding?
Subdural and Subarachnoid spaces
58
Function of CSF
Cushion, support, and transport It is like plasma or interstitial fluid but much more pure

Krista: Neuro (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions