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Krista: Neuro > Lecture 1: Components of Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 1: Components of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three major functions of the nervous system?

A
  • Sensory
  • Integration
  • Motor
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2
Q

The sensory function of the nervous system serves what purpose?

A

-Monitors internal and external environment through presence of receptors

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3
Q

The integration function of the nervous system serves what purpose?

A

-interpretation of sensory information: complex (higher order) functions

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4
Q

The motor function of the nervous system serves what purpose?

A

-response to information processed through stimulation of effectors

(cause)

  • –muscle contraction
  • –glandular secretion
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5
Q

What are the two types of neural cells in the nervous system?

A
  • neuroglia

- Neurons

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6
Q

What does the neuroglia cell do in the nervous system?

A

for support, regulation and proteccction of neurons

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7
Q

What does the neuron cell do in the nervous system?

A

-For processing transfer and storage of information

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8
Q

T/F: Neuroglia cell is also known as a glial cell.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

List the different types of CNS neuroglia (glial cells):

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Microglia
  • Ependymal cells
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10
Q

List the different types of PNS neuroglia (glial cells):

A
  • Schwann cells

- Satellite cells

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11
Q

The astrocytes (glial cell) serve what purpose:

A

(CNS)-Wrap around the nerve cell and support the cell.

(CNS)-They hypertrophy when the cell is injured

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12
Q

The oligodendroglia (glial cell) serves what purpose:

A

(CNS)-interposed between the neuron and the blood vessels

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13
Q

The microglia (glial cell) serves what purpose:

A

(CNS)-small cells which move along inflamed or damaged brain cells, their function is phagocytosis

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14
Q

The ependymal cells (glial cell) serves what purpose:

A

(CNS)-line central canal of the spinal column and ventricular cavities; they are ciliated and combine with endothelial cells to form a choroid plexus which secretes cerebral spinal fluid

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15
Q

What are the five functions of the astrocytes (glia) cells:

A

(CNS)-create supportive framework

  • create blood brain barrier
  • monitor and regulate interstitial fluid surrounding neurons
  • secrete chemicals for embryological neuron formation
  • stimulate the formation of scar tissue
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16
Q

What is the function of an oligodendrocyte (glia) cell:

A

(CNS)-create myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the CNS.

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17
Q

T/F: The myelinated axon does NOT transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated axons.

A

FALSE

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18
Q

What is the function of an microglia (glia) cell:

A

(CNS)-Brain macrophages

-Phagocytize cellular wastes and pathogens

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19
Q

What is the function of an ependymal (glia) cell:

A

(CNS)-Line central canal of spinal column and ventricular cavities
-Ciliated and combine with endothelial cells to form the choriod plexus which secretes CSF

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20
Q

What is the function of an schwann (glia) cell:

A

(PNS)-Surround all axons of neurons in the PNS creating a neurilemma around them

  • neurilemma allows for potential regeneration of damaged axons
  • Creates myelin sheath around most axons of PNS
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21
Q

What is the function of a satellite cell:

A

(PNS)-Support groups of cell bodies of neurons within ganglia of the PNS

22
Q

T/F: Neurons of the nervous system tend to group together into organized bundles.

A

TRUE

23
Q

The axons of neurons are bundled together to form _____ in the PNS and ______/_______in the CNS. Most axons are myelinated so these structures will be part of “_____ matter”.

A
  • nerves
  • tracts/pathways
  • white
24
Q

The cell bodies of neurons are clustered together into _______ in the PNS and ______/_________ in the CNS. These are unmyelinated structures and will be part of “______ matter”.

A
  • ganglia
  • nuclei/centers
  • gray
25
Q

There is only ____(number) axon which carries impulse away from cell body.

A

-one

26
Q

T/F: There may be ONE or MANY dendrites that extend from neuron cell body,

A

TRUE

27
Q

Multipolar neurons are found as _____ and _________..

A
  • motor

- interneurons

28
Q

Bopolar neurons are found in the _____ and _____.

A
  • eyes

- ears

29
Q

Unipolar neurons or the body’s _______ neurons. The dendrites are found at the _______ and the ______ leads to the spinal cord or brain.

A
  • sensory
  • receptor
  • axon
30
Q

Sensory neurons are _____ and transmit information from the _____ to the ________.

A
  • afferent
  • PNS
  • CNS
31
Q

T/F: Most sensory neurons are unipolar.

A

TRUE

32
Q

Motor neurons are _______ and transmit information from the ____ to the ______.

A
  • efferent
  • CNS
  • PNS
33
Q

T/F: ALL motor neurons are multipolar.

A

TRUE

34
Q

Association (Interneurons) transmit information _______ neurons within the CNS, _____ inputs, _______ outputs.

A
  • transmit
  • analyze
  • coordinate
35
Q

T/F: The closer the nodes of ranvier are the faster the impulse is transmitted.

A

FALSE (The farther apart…..)

36
Q

The brain and spinal cord do not have a ______.

A

Neurolemna.

37
Q

What is the charge inside the neuron cell before an action potential?

A

(-70) to (-80)

38
Q

What is the charge inside the neuron cell after an action potential?

A
  • (+40)
39
Q

What electrolyte enters the cell during an action potential?

A

Sodium

40
Q

What electrolyte exit the cell druing an action potential?

A

Potassium

41
Q

What occurs when the electrical potential reaches +40 inside the cell after the action potential?

A
  • Sodium channels shut down

- Potassium channels open

42
Q

The membrane potential slightly overshoots the resting potential, which is corrected by the _______ _______ ________.

A

Sodium potassium pump

43
Q

What is the time period called when depolarized part of the cell can not be depolarized again

A

-refractory period

44
Q

Action potentials are propagated rapidly. Typical neurons conduct at __ to ___ meters per second.

A
  • 10

- 100

45
Q

What are the two substances that destroy neurotransmitters left in the synaptic cleft?

A
  • monoamine oxidase (MAO)

- catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT)

46
Q

_______ secreted by all preganglionic neurons of the ANS, postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, and by somatic motor neurons of skeletal muscle.

A

-Aceetylcholine

47
Q

__________ secreted by postganglionic neurons of the SNS, except sweat glands.

A

-Norepinephrine

48
Q

_______ secreted by neurons originating on the substantia nigra, usually effect inhibition.

A

-Popamine

49
Q

________ secreted in the CNS: acts in inhibition

A

Glycine

50
Q

What is it called when a stimulus takes the route of sensory neuron, to a interneuron, to an effector neuron and by passes the brain?

A

-Reflex arc

51
Q

T/F: Anesthesiology is the practice of autonomic medicine?

A

TRUE

52
Q

T/F: THe autonomic nervous system is concerned with involuntary regulation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glandular and visceral function.

A

TRUE

Krista: Neuro (7 decks)

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