Lecture 1: Components of Nervous System Flashcards
What are the three major functions of the nervous system?
- Sensory
- Integration
- Motor
The sensory function of the nervous system serves what purpose?
-Monitors internal and external environment through presence of receptors
The integration function of the nervous system serves what purpose?
-interpretation of sensory information: complex (higher order) functions
The motor function of the nervous system serves what purpose?
-response to information processed through stimulation of effectors
(cause)
- –muscle contraction
- –glandular secretion
What are the two types of neural cells in the nervous system?
- neuroglia
- Neurons
What does the neuroglia cell do in the nervous system?
for support, regulation and proteccction of neurons
What does the neuron cell do in the nervous system?
-For processing transfer and storage of information
T/F: Neuroglia cell is also known as a glial cell.
TRUE
List the different types of CNS neuroglia (glial cells):
- Astrocytes
- Oligodendrocytes
- Microglia
- Ependymal cells
List the different types of PNS neuroglia (glial cells):
- Schwann cells
- Satellite cells
The astrocytes (glial cell) serve what purpose:
(CNS)-Wrap around the nerve cell and support the cell.
(CNS)-They hypertrophy when the cell is injured
The oligodendroglia (glial cell) serves what purpose:
(CNS)-interposed between the neuron and the blood vessels
The microglia (glial cell) serves what purpose:
(CNS)-small cells which move along inflamed or damaged brain cells, their function is phagocytosis
The ependymal cells (glial cell) serves what purpose:
(CNS)-line central canal of the spinal column and ventricular cavities; they are ciliated and combine with endothelial cells to form a choroid plexus which secretes cerebral spinal fluid
What are the five functions of the astrocytes (glia) cells:
(CNS)-create supportive framework
- create blood brain barrier
- monitor and regulate interstitial fluid surrounding neurons
- secrete chemicals for embryological neuron formation
- stimulate the formation of scar tissue
What is the function of an oligodendrocyte (glia) cell:
(CNS)-create myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the CNS.
T/F: The myelinated axon does NOT transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated axons.
FALSE
What is the function of an microglia (glia) cell:
(CNS)-Brain macrophages
-Phagocytize cellular wastes and pathogens
What is the function of an ependymal (glia) cell:
(CNS)-Line central canal of spinal column and ventricular cavities
-Ciliated and combine with endothelial cells to form the choriod plexus which secretes CSF
What is the function of an schwann (glia) cell:
(PNS)-Surround all axons of neurons in the PNS creating a neurilemma around them
- neurilemma allows for potential regeneration of damaged axons
- Creates myelin sheath around most axons of PNS
What is the function of a satellite cell:
(PNS)-Support groups of cell bodies of neurons within ganglia of the PNS
T/F: Neurons of the nervous system tend to group together into organized bundles.
TRUE
The axons of neurons are bundled together to form _____ in the PNS and ______/_______in the CNS. Most axons are myelinated so these structures will be part of “_____ matter”.
- nerves
- tracts/pathways
- white
The cell bodies of neurons are clustered together into _______ in the PNS and ______/_________ in the CNS. These are unmyelinated structures and will be part of “______ matter”.
- ganglia
- nuclei/centers
- gray
There is only ____(number) axon which carries impulse away from cell body.
-one
T/F: There may be ONE or MANY dendrites that extend from neuron cell body,
TRUE
Multipolar neurons are found as _____ and _________..
- motor
- interneurons
Bopolar neurons are found in the _____ and _____.
- eyes
- ears
Unipolar neurons or the body’s _______ neurons. The dendrites are found at the _______ and the ______ leads to the spinal cord or brain.
- sensory
- receptor
- axon
Sensory neurons are _____ and transmit information from the _____ to the ________.
- afferent
- PNS
- CNS
T/F: Most sensory neurons are unipolar.
TRUE
Motor neurons are _______ and transmit information from the ____ to the ______.
- efferent
- CNS
- PNS
T/F: ALL motor neurons are multipolar.
TRUE
Association (Interneurons) transmit information _______ neurons within the CNS, _____ inputs, _______ outputs.
- transmit
- analyze
- coordinate
T/F: The closer the nodes of ranvier are the faster the impulse is transmitted.
FALSE (The farther apart…..)
The brain and spinal cord do not have a ______.
Neurolemna.
What is the charge inside the neuron cell before an action potential?
(-70) to (-80)
What is the charge inside the neuron cell after an action potential?
- (+40)
What electrolyte enters the cell during an action potential?
Sodium
What electrolyte exit the cell druing an action potential?
Potassium
What occurs when the electrical potential reaches +40 inside the cell after the action potential?
- Sodium channels shut down
- Potassium channels open
The membrane potential slightly overshoots the resting potential, which is corrected by the _______ _______ ________.
Sodium potassium pump
What is the time period called when depolarized part of the cell can not be depolarized again
-refractory period
Action potentials are propagated rapidly. Typical neurons conduct at __ to ___ meters per second.
- 10
- 100
What are the two substances that destroy neurotransmitters left in the synaptic cleft?
- monoamine oxidase (MAO)
- catechol-o-methyl transferase (COMT)
_______ secreted by all preganglionic neurons of the ANS, postganglionic parasympathetic neurons, and by somatic motor neurons of skeletal muscle.
-Aceetylcholine
__________ secreted by postganglionic neurons of the SNS, except sweat glands.
-Norepinephrine
_______ secreted by neurons originating on the substantia nigra, usually effect inhibition.
-Popamine
________ secreted in the CNS: acts in inhibition
Glycine
What is it called when a stimulus takes the route of sensory neuron, to a interneuron, to an effector neuron and by passes the brain?
-Reflex arc
T/F: Anesthesiology is the practice of autonomic medicine?
TRUE
T/F: THe autonomic nervous system is concerned with involuntary regulation of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glandular and visceral function.
TRUE
