Lecture 4 - Bone tissue and its microscopic structure

Question 1

What is Extracellular Matrix? (ECM)

Answer 1

The extracellular matrix helps cells attach to, and communicate with, nearby cells, and plays an important role in cell growth, cell movement, and other cell functions.

Question 2

What two components make up ECM?

Answer 2

Inorganic (67%) and organic (33%)

Question 3

What material mainly makes up Inorganic ECM?

Answer 3

Mineral salts

Question 4

What material mainly makes up Organic ECM?

Answer 4

Collagen

Question 5

What is the main function of Inorganic ECM?

Answer 5

Resists compression

Question 6

What is the main function of Organic ECM?

Answer 6

Resists tension

Question 7

What allows for blood supply in compact bone?

Answer 7

Foramina (Holes)

Question 8

Define osteogenic cells

Answer 8

Stem cells that produce osteoblasts

Question 9

Define osteoblasts

Answer 9

BUILDERS - Produce new bone matrix

Question 10

Define osteoclasts

Answer 10

DESTROYERS - remove bone matrix

Question 11

Define osteocytes

Answer 11

MAINTAINERS - Recycle protein and minerals from matrix. Mature bone cells

Question 12

Define osteon

Answer 12

Longitudinal (lengthwise) unit within compact bone

Question 13

Define lamellae

Answer 13

A series of cylinders formed of ECM around the central canal

Question 14

Define canaliculi

Answer 14

Channels for osteocytes through ECM

Question 15

What is bone homeostasis?

Answer 15

Balance of OB (osteoblasts) and OC (osteoclasts) activity.

Question 16

What is another word for bone homeostasis?

Answer 16

Bone remodelling

Question 17

What are two bone forming diseases?

Answer 17

Osteopenia and osteoporosis.

Question 18

What is osteoporosis?

Answer 18

Imbalance of OB and OC activity, OC > OB

Question 19

Define central canal

Answer 19

Inner part of bone, contains blood
vessel and nerves

Question 20

How do bones grow wider? (Appositionally)

Answer 20

Combination of osteocyte, osteoclast and osteoblast activity