Lecture 3 - the structure of the skeleton

Question 1

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 1

Support, movement, protection of organs, storage of minerals, red blood cell formation

Question 2

Where are red blood cells formed?

Answer 2

Bone marrow

Question 3

What are the two types of bone?

Answer 3

Cancellous, compact

Question 4

What bones are light and spongy? (material)

Answer 4

Cancellous

Question 5

Which type of bones is stronger, cancellous or compact?

Answer 5

Compact

Question 6

What are the four classes of bone?

Answer 6

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 7

What is the anatomical name for the arm?

Answer 7

Upper limb

Question 8

What is the anatomical name for the leg?

Answer 8

Lower limb

Question 9

What are the parts of the lower limb?

Answer 9

Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

Question 10

How do bones aid in body movement?

Answer 10

They act as levers

Question 11

The arm is made up of: (in terms of bones)

Answer 11

The Humerus bone

Question 12

The forearm is made up of: (in terms of bones)

Answer 12

The ulna and radius

Question 13

The leg is made up of: (in terms of bones)

Answer 13

The tibia and fibula

Question 14

The thigh is made up of: (in terms of bones)

Answer 14

Femur

Question 15

What are the divisions of the skeleton? (2)

Answer 15

Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton

Question 16

Which bones make up the axial skeleton?

Answer 16

Bones of the core: Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral, column, sacrum and coccyx

Question 17

Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 17

Bones of the limbs: pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, arms, legs, hands, feet

Question 18

How many phalanges in each finger/thumb?

Answer 18

3 per finger, 2 per thumb

Question 19

What are flat bones predominantly made up of?

Answer 19

Compact bone

Question 20

Why are cancellous bones shock absorbing?

Answer 20

They have multidirectional struts which allow force to be absorbed from joint surfaces that experience stress from multiple directions.

Question 21

What are the two heads of long bones called?

Answer 21

Epiphysis

Question 22

What is the long middle section of a long bone called?

Answer 22

Diaphysis

Question 23

What is the shape of long bones?

Answer 23

Longer than they are wide

Question 24

What are the two epiphyses of a long bone, and how are they named?

Answer 24

Proximal and distal, named for their relativity to the attachment of the limb to the trunk.

Question 25

What is the shape of short bones?

Answer 25

Approximately equal length and width

Question 26

What type of bone is a rib?

Answer 26

Flat

Question 27

What is the flat part of flat bones often used for?

Answer 27

Muscle attachement

Question 28

What type of bone are short bones mostly made up of? (material)

Answer 28

Cancellous

Question 29

What are the key roles of flat bones? (2)

Answer 29

Protection and muscle attachment

Question 30

What are the divisions of the vertebral column and how many vertebrae do each of them have?

Answer 30

Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacrum and coccyx

Question 31

What is the primary role of the axial skeleton?

Answer 31

To protect vital organs