Lecture 3 - the structure of the skeleton Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton?
Support, movement, protection of organs, storage of minerals, red blood cell formation
Where are red blood cells formed?
Bone marrow
What are the two types of bone?
Cancellous, compact
What bones are light and spongy? (material)
Cancellous
Which type of bones is stronger, cancellous or compact?
Compact
What are the four classes of bone?
Long, short, flat, irregular
What is the anatomical name for the arm?
Upper limb
What is the anatomical name for the leg?
Lower limb
What are the parts of the lower limb?
Femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
How do bones aid in body movement?
They act as levers
The arm is made up of: (in terms of bones)
The Humerus bone
The forearm is made up of: (in terms of bones)
The ulna and radius
The leg is made up of: (in terms of bones)
The tibia and fibula
The thigh is made up of: (in terms of bones)
Femur
What are the divisions of the skeleton? (2)
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
Which bones make up the axial skeleton?
Bones of the core: Skull, sternum, ribs, vertebral, column, sacrum and coccyx
Which bones make up the appendicular skeleton?
Bones of the limbs: pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, arms, legs, hands, feet
How many phalanges in each finger/thumb?
3 per finger, 2 per thumb
What are flat bones predominantly made up of?
Compact bone
Why are cancellous bones shock absorbing?
They have multidirectional struts which allow force to be absorbed from joint surfaces that experience stress from multiple directions.
What are the two heads of long bones called?
Epiphysis
What is the long middle section of a long bone called?
Diaphysis
What is the shape of long bones?
Longer than they are wide
What are the two epiphyses of a long bone, and how are they named?
Proximal and distal, named for their relativity to the attachment of the limb to the trunk.
