Lecture 2 - anatomical terminology

Question 1

Describe the anatomical position:

Answer 1

Upright, face and palms forward, feet together

Question 2

What is homeostasis?

Answer 2

Maintaining a stable internal environment

Question 3

What is feedback in terms of homeostasis?

Answer 3

When the body responds to a change in a controlled variable to restore it to normal.

Question 4

What is feed forward in terms of homeostasis?

Answer 4

When something that will affect a controlled variable is anticipated, the body will act to minimise the effect.

Question 5

Closer to front?

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

Closer to back?

Answer 6

Posterior

Question 7

Closer to midline?

Answer 7

Medial

Question 8

Further from midline?

Answer 8

Lateral

Question 9

Closer to head?

Answer 9

Superior

Question 10

Closer to feet?

Answer 10

Inferior

Question 11

Closer to trunk?

Answer 11

Proximal

Question 12

Further from trunk?

Answer 12

Distal

Question 13

Further from surface?

Answer 13

Deep

Question 14

Closer to surface?

Answer 14

Superficial

Question 15

What are the three planes that divide the body?

Answer 15

Sagittal, coronal, transverse

Question 16

What is the sagittal plane?

Answer 16

The plane which divides the body vertically into left and right.

Question 17

What plane results in two mirrored halves of the body?

Answer 17

Sagittal plane

Question 18

What is the coronal plane?

Answer 18

Divides the body vertically into front and back sections

Question 19

What is the transverse plane?

Answer 19

Divides the body into top and bottom sections/cross sections

Question 20

What plane is back and forwards movement in?

Answer 20

Sagittal

Question 21

What plane is side to side movement in?

Answer 21

Coronal

Question 22

What plane is rotating movement around a vertical axis in?

Answer 22

Transverse

Question 23

What is flexion, and what plane is it in?

Answer 23

Decreases the angle of a joint, and brings limb parts together. In the sagittal plane

Question 24

What is extension, and what plane is it in?

Answer 24

Increasing the angle at a joint to maximum, sagittal plane.

Question 25

What are the two sagittal movements of the feet?

Answer 25

Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion

Question 26

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 26

Flexing feet upwards

Question 27

What is plantarflexion?

Answer 27

Pointing toes/foot towards the ground

Question 28

What are the two types of coronal plane movement?

Answer 28

Abduction and adduction

Question 29

What is abduction, and what plane is it in?

Answer 29

Moving limb away from the midline in the coronal plane.

Question 30

What is adduction, and what plane is it in?

Answer 30

Movement of a limb towards the midline, in the coronal plane

Question 31

What are the two types/directions of rotation?

Answer 31

Lateral and medial (away and towards the midline)

Question 32

What are the two types of transverse movement of the forearm?

Answer 32

Pronation and Supination

Question 33

What is pronation?

Answer 33

Rotation of the forearm so that the ulna and radius bones cross and the palm faces the posterior

Question 34

What is supination?

Answer 34

Rotation of the forearm so that the radius and ulna are parallel, and the palm is facing the anterior

Question 35

What are the coronal movements of the feet?

Answer 35

Inversion and eversion

Question 36

What is inversion?

Answer 36

When the foot is moved so that the sole is inverted towards the midline

Question 37

What is eversion?

Answer 37

When the foot is moved so that the sole faces away from the midline.