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POTH 225: BIOMECHANICS > lecture 4: biomes of the hip and pelvic gurdle > Flashcards

lecture 4: biomes of the hip and pelvic gurdle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 bones that make up the hip/innominate

A

illium, ischium, pubis

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2
Q

what three bones make up the acetabulum

A

innominate
(illium, ischium, pubis)

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3
Q

the illium, ischium, pubis make up what structure

A

acetabulum

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4
Q

which of these is most posterior: illium, ischium, pubis

A

ischium

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5
Q

which of these is most anterior
illium, ischium, pubis

A

pubis

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6
Q

the acetabulum articulates with what bone

A

proximal femur

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7
Q

the pelvis is made up of what 2 structures

A

sacrum and the innominate bones

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8
Q

the head of the femur takes up what percentage of the acetabulum

A

2/3

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9
Q

what type of joint is the hip bone

A

synovial, ball and socket (triaxial(

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10
Q

how many degrees of freedom in the hip joint

A

3

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11
Q

what is the motion of the hip in the sagittal plane

A

flex/ext/

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12
Q

what is the motion of the hip in the frontal plane

A

abd.add

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13
Q

what is the motion of the hip in the tranverse plane

A

internal/external rotation

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14
Q

what are the hip muscles

A

gluteal (med, min, max), adductor (longus,brevis,magnus), iliopsoas, and lateral rotator (piriformis, obturator, inf fem etc)

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15
Q

what are the 3 ligaments of the hip compex

A

iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral

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16
Q

what is the function of the joint ligaments

A

provide stability to jt and holds structures together

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17
Q

which ligament of the hip is most posterio

A

ischiofemoral

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18
Q

what is the cartilage of the hip joint

A

labrum

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19
Q

what is the labrum and its function

A

fibrocartilaginous ring that depends the acetabulum (adds more surface area, decreases joint stress(

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20
Q

how do you injure the labrum cartilage

A

trauma and receptive movements

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21
Q

what is the orientation of the acetabulum

A

laterally
inferiorly
and anteriorly

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22
Q

true or false and explain: there is greater stability/less mobility in shoulder vs hip

A

false, greater stability in hip because of
1) greater bone congruency (the shoulder is a flatter shallow socket)
2) more support by ligaments/capsule

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23
Q

what is movement limitation of the hip caused by

A

ligaments
muscles
capsule
combo

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24
Q

is hip motion only at the acetabulum

A

no , also between the sacrum and vertebra

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25
Q

axes are BLANK to the plane

A

perpendicular

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26
Q

what is the axis for the saggital plane

A

medial/lateral

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27
Q

what is the axis for the frontal plane

A

ant/pot

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28
Q

what is the axis for the transverse plane

A

superior/ing

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29
Q

what is the range of motion for flexion in the sagittal plane of hip motion

A

0-125

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30
Q

what is the range of motion for extension in the sagittal plane of hip motion

A

0-15

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31
Q

what is the range of motion for abduction in the frontal plane of hip motion

A

0-45

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32
Q

what is the range of motion for adduction in the frontal plane of hip motion

A

0-30

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33
Q

what is the range of motion for external rot in the transverse plane of hip motion

A

0-45

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34
Q

what is the range of motion for internal rot in the transverse plane of hip motion

A

0-45

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35
Q

to do functional activities, what is the minimum hip flexion required

A

120

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36
Q

to do functional activities, what is the minimum hip abduction and external required

A

at least 20

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37
Q

if you do not have at least 120 degrees of hip flexion, what does that mean

A

cannot perform functional activities/everyday tasks

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38
Q

what is the degrees of hip motion needed for squatting

A

122

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39
Q

what is the degrees of hip motion needed for sitting down

A

104

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40
Q

what is the degrees of hip motion needed for trying to tie show

A

124

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41
Q

what is the solution for arthritis /trauma in th hip

A

hip replacement (arthroplasty)

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42
Q

explain the restricted ROM after hip replacement and why

A

no hip flexion past 90
no extremes of rotation
no adduction past midline
=ensure hip does not dislocate

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43
Q

with the lateral approach to hip replacement, what muscle to they cut

A

glute med

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44
Q

with the posterior approach to hip replacement, what muscle to they cut

A

glute max

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45
Q

what are some examples of adaptive equipments

A

sock aid
lifted toilet (increase seat height decreases the flexion)
reacher
coiled shoelace

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46
Q

what are the 3 types of pelvis-hip interaction

A

hip hiking-pelvic drop
forward/backwards rotation
posterior/anterior tilt

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47
Q

when standing with feet together and the pelvis is elevated on one side, explain the hip movement

A

the hip on the elevated side in adduction and the opposite hip is in abduction

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48
Q

when standing with feet together and the pelvis is elevated on one side, the hip on the elevated side is in BLANK

A

adduction

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49
Q

when standing with feet together and the pelvis is elevated on one side, the hip on the opposite of elevated side is in BLANK

A

abduction

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50
Q

when the pelvis rotates over the femur in the transverse plane, explain the hip movement

A

the hip on the forward side is laterally rotated, and the hip on the opposite side is medially rotated

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51
Q

when the pelvis rotates over the femur in the transverse plane, the hip on the forward side is BLANK rotated

A

laterally rotated

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52
Q

when the pelvis rotates over the femur in the transverse plane, the hip on the opposite side is BLANK rotated

A

medially

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53
Q

an anterior pelvic tilt flexes or extends the hip

A

flexes

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54
Q

a posterior pelvic tilt flexes or extends the hip

A

hip extension

55
Q

anterior tilt is associated with hip flexion, true or false

A

true

56
Q

true or false: posterior tilt is associated with flexion

A

false, extension

57
Q

during an anterior tilt, explain the movement of the ASIS and PSIS

A

ASIS goes down
PSIS goes up

58
Q

during an posterior tilt, explain the movement of the ASIS and PSIS

A

ASIS goes up
PSIS goes down

59
Q

be able to understand the angle during the anterior and posterior tilt

A
60
Q

during a hip hike, the elevated innominate is in hip adduction or abduction

A

adduction

61
Q

during a hip hike, the lower innominate is in hip adduction or abduction

A

hip abduction

62
Q

understand the angle of the hip hike

A

.

63
Q

during a forward rotation, the forward innominate, the hip is in external or internal rotation

A

external/lateral

64
Q

during a forward rotation, the back innominate, the hip is in external or internal rotation

A

internal.medial

65
Q

be able to understand the forward/backwards rotation

A

a

66
Q

be able to understand the forward/backwards rotation

A

a

67
Q

a BLANK pelvic tilt can substitute for hip extension

A

anterior

68
Q

a blank pelvic tilt can substitute for hip flexion

A

posterior

69
Q

what is the spine-hip interaction in hip extension

A

spine arches (extension)
pelvic anterior tilt

70
Q

what is the spine-hip interaction in hip flexion

A

spine rounds (flexion)
posterior pelvic tilt

71
Q

a lateral tilt of the trunk and pelvis can substitute for what

A

hip abduction

72
Q

true or false: a hip hike on the side increases abduction and lateral flexion to opposite side

A

true

73
Q

understand the gait - stigmal angle chart

A
74
Q

during 0-60 percent of gait cycle, is the sagittal angle for in flexion or extension

A

extension

75
Q

true or false: at the beginning of the gait cycle (heel strike), the hip is in flexion

A

true

76
Q

during the swing phase, explain the motion of the femur

A

femur moves anterior to pelvis therefore start getting flexion

77
Q

be able to reproduce the wagtail angle gait phase

A
78
Q

understand the frontal hip angle graph

A

.

79
Q

at the beginning of the of the gait cycle, is the hip in adduction, abduction or neither

A

neither (neutral)

80
Q

at 20% of gait cycle (full weight bearing) , the elevated hip (hip hike) is in adduction or abduction

A

adduction

81
Q

from 20-60% of the gait cycle, the hip is in adduction or abduction and why

A

going into abduction because its dropping from the hip hike

82
Q

be able to reproduce the frontal hip angle graph

A

.

83
Q

at the beginning of the gait cycle, is the hip in internal or external rotation

A

external rotation

84
Q

be able to understand the transverse hip angle graph

A
85
Q

the angle of inclination is taken in what area of the femur

A

neck to shaft angle

86
Q

what are the types of conditions seen from angle of inclination

A

coxa valga and coxa vara

87
Q

what plane is the angle of inclination

A

frontal plane

88
Q

the angle of inclination in normal alignment is approximately what

A

125-130

89
Q

coxa alga predicted severity of what

A

joint degeneration

90
Q

if there is an angle of inclination, higher than normal, is that coxa valga or vara

A

coxa valga

91
Q

explain coxa valga and the appearance of the limb and muscle interaction

A

greater angle of inclination than normal (125)
muscles less effective because shorter moment arm
limb appears lengthened

92
Q

in coxa valga, are the muscles more of less efection

A

lesss

93
Q

in cova valga, the limb appears lengthened or shortened

A

lengthened

94
Q

in coxa vara, the angle of inclination is less or more than normal

A

less

95
Q

explain coxa vara and the appearance of the limb and muscle interaction

A

lesser than normal angle of inclination
muscles more efective (because of greater moment arm
limb appears shortened

96
Q

in coxa vara, are the muscles more of less efection

A

more effective

97
Q

in cova vara, the limb appears lengthened or shortened

A

shortened

98
Q

antervision angle is in what plane

A

transverse plane

99
Q

what is the normal orientation of the femur head

A

medially, superiorly and anterior

100
Q

the hip normally exhibits approaximately what degree of ante version

A

15

101
Q

what happens if there is no compensation for excessive anteversion

A

the femoral head projects too far anteriorly (or even outside the acetabulum)

102
Q

in a decreased ante version (retroversion), what happens to the toe

A

toeing out

103
Q

in in a increased ante version (), what happens to the toe

A

toeing in

104
Q

to compensate for excessive femoral ante version, young children typically rotate the hip medially or laterally

A

medially (producing a pigeon-toed posture)

105
Q

to compensate for excessive femoral ante version, adults do what

A

rotate the hip medially and lateral rotation of the tibia (so that toes point straight)

106
Q

what is cerebral palsy and its cause

A

neurological condition
caused by damage to the developing brain during pregnancy or childhear

107
Q

what condition can result in femoral anteversion

A

cerebral palsy

108
Q

cerebral palsy can lead to what in the hip

A

femoral anteversion

109
Q

what happens to the hip during femoral anteversion in cerebral palsy

A

hip subluxation/dislocation
internally rotated hips during gait

110
Q

what is the solution to help kids with cerebral palsy and hip anteversion

A

cut proximal femur, realign femoral head in acetabulum, stabilize with pins/plates/rods
benefits: improve alignment, prevent deterioration/pain, improve gait

111
Q

what are the benefits of femoral osteotomy for cerebral palsy

A

benefits: improve alignment, prevent deterioration/pain, improve gait

112
Q

understand slide 34 about femoral derotation and cerebral palsy

A
113
Q

the joint reaction force on the femur creates a BLANK type of moment on the neck of the femur

A

bending moment

114
Q

the joint reaction force on the femur creates a bending moment on the neck of the femur , creating BLANK forces on the superior surface of the femoral neck and BLANK forces on its inferior side

A

tension forces superior
compressive forces o the inferior surface

115
Q

what is the trabecular system/wolf’s law

A

bone will be organzized to resisted applied force
form follows function (load changes the appearance of bones)

116
Q

what are the static hip reaction forces

A

ground reaction force
adduction moment (torque)
abduction muscle moment (torque)
hip reaction force`

117
Q

for single leg stance, abduction muscle forces are what ratio to body weight

A

1.5-2 times body weight

118
Q

for single leg stance, hip joint reaction forces are what ratio to body weight

A

2.5 times body weight

119
Q

the lever arm is smaller for abductor muscle force or ground reaction force

A

smaller for abductor muscle force

120
Q

can we change the abductor muscle force lever arm

A

no , attachment is fixed

121
Q

can we change the ground reaction force lever arm

A

yes you can, by leaning

122
Q

when standing on two feet, force is what percent of body weight

A

30%

123
Q

when standinging on one foot, force increases to what

A

2.5-3x body weight

124
Q

forces for stair climbing is what times body weight

A

3x BW

125
Q

forces for walking is what times body weight

A

4-7x BW

126
Q

forces for running is what times body weight

A

10x

127
Q

the hip joint can withstand 12-15x BW before what

A

before fracture or breakdown in the osseous cmponenent will occur

128
Q

hip abductor muscles (glute med) balance what

A

balance the adduction moment (torque)

129
Q

what is the impact on hip joint reaction forces with a cane

A

cane reduced the demand of the hip abductor muscles (decrease lever arm)

130
Q

tredelenburg gait is also known as what

A

gluteus medius lurch

131
Q

what is trelendenburg gait due to

A

weakness in hip abductors (glute med/min) often due to pain in the hip from disease (hip osteoarthritis)

132
Q

what does trendelenburg gait looking leg

A

theb standing on affected leg, contralto pelvis drops significantly on unsupported side

133
Q

how is the tredelenburg compensated

A

by learning upper body and trunk over affected leg (decreases GRF, abductors work less)

134
Q

what is the effect of lateral trunk lean for trendelenburg gait

A

decrease moment arm of the ground reaction force
less adduction torque

=less hip abductor muscle force

POTH 225: BIOMECHANICS (15 decks)

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