Lecture 4: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

What is included in the Somatic Divisions of the ANS

Answer 1

Skin
Muscle
Joint to Brain
Brain to Mucle

Question 2

What is included in the Autonomic Division of the ANS

Answer 2

Involuntary Functions: Heart, Smooth Muscles, Gut and Gland
Visceral Sensations
Motor control of the Ciscera, Vascular System and exocrine glands
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic System

Question 3

What is the purpose of the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 3

promotes maintenance functions and conserves body energy

Question 4

What is the purpose of the sympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 4

Mobilizes the body during activity

Question 5

Normally both divisions of the ANS are partially active - meaning that their neurons continually fire action potentials.
True or False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False: Both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS innervate the same organs but have opposite actions. This antagonistic relationships maintains homeostasis

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Which divison of the ANS is most dominant during Rest?

Answer 7

The parasympathetic Division

Question 8

Explain Rest and DIgest

Answer 8

when the body is at rest and the parasympathetic division keeps body energy as low as possible while promoting digestion, defecation and diuresis

Question 9

True of False: When the body is at rest there is a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure and this is a result of the antagonistic relationship of Sympathetic and parasympathetic division.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

The somatic system is known as the

Answer 10

Voluntary Nervous System

Question 11

T or F: Pupils will dilate while the body is at rest.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The fight or flight response is a mechanism of the Autonomic Nervous System.
True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What happens during fight or flight response

Answer 13

The body becomes prepared for physical activity - exercise, excitement and emergency. There is an increase in heart rate and blood pressure to increase blood flow to the skeletal muscles and the heart.

Question 14

What happens to vision during a fight or flight response?

Answer 14

pupils dilate and lenses adjust. Allowing you to see the whole scene

Question 15

What happens to the Digetsive Tract during fight or flight

Answer 15

The liver releases more glucose into the blood, giving the body an energy boost, and digestion slows down.

Question 16

What are the key anatomical differences between the ANS divisions (6)

Answer 16

1. origins of the CNS
2. Location of the ganglia
3. Function
4. Neurotransmitters and Receptors
5. Visceral Reflex
6. CNS control

Question 17

What is the origin of the parasympathetic nerves?

Answer 17

Occulomotor (cranial Nerve III)
Facial (Cranial Nerve VII)
Glossopharyngeal (Cranial Nerve IX)
Vagus (cranial nerve X)
Spinal cord Segments S2-S4 - bladder and genitals

Question 18

what are the 3 pathways for Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 18

1. synapse in trunk ganglion at the same level
2. synapse in truck ganglion at a higher or lower level
3. Pass through sympathetic trunk to synapse in a collateral ganglion anterior to the vertebral column

Question 19

Sympathetic Innvervation of the adrenal Medulla has no synapses in a ganglion.

True or False

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Most visceral organs have dula innervation by Parasympathetic and Sympathetic
True or False

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Antagonostic Interaction occurs when action potentials continually fire down axons of both divisions.
True or False

Answer 21

True
works to precisely control visceral activity

Question 22

What is a cooperative effect?

Answer 22

When both divisions of the ANS work together

Question 23

Explain Antagonistic Interactions

Answer 23

allows for precise control of visceral activity
The sympathetic division increases heart rate and respiratory rate while inhibiting digestion and elimination

Question 24

Parasympathetic division decreases heart rate and respirtory rate while allowing for dogestiona nd discarding of waste is an example of what type of interaction

Answer 24

Antagnostic Interaction

Question 25

Blood pressure is controlled by the sympathetic division of the ANS because all blood vessel smooth muscle is entorely innervated by sympathetic fibers. True or False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Describe Sympathetic Tone

Answer 26

continual state of partial constriction of blood vessels

Question 27

If blood pressure drops sympathetic fibers called vasomotor fibers will fire slower than normal to constrict blood vessles True or False

Answer 27

False Vasomotor fibers will fire faster than normal to constrict blood vessels and cause blood pressure to rise

Question 28

If blood pressure rises how will vasomotor fibers respond?

Answer 28

Fire at a slower rate than normal to cause dilation of blood vessels and decreasing blood pressure

Question 29

vasomotor tone allows the sympathteci nervous system to hunt blood to where it is needed. True or False

Answer 29

True

Question 30

True or False: Adrenal Medulla, Sweat Glands, Arrector Pili muscles and the kidney have both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Answer 30

False Adrenal Medulla, Sweat Glands, Arrector Pili muscles and the kidney have both have only sympathetic fibers

Question 31

What is thermoregulatory Response to heat and which division does it belong

Answer 31

thermoregulatory response occurs when the temperature rises. It dialtes skin blood vessels, allowing heat to escape and activates sweat glands. When the temperature drops, blood vessels will constrict This is part of the Sympathetic Division

Question 32

What is the effect of renin being released from the kidneys?

Answer 32

release of renin from the kidneys activates a system that increases blood pressure. This is also part of the sympathetic division of the ANS

Question 33

What organs are usually dominated by the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Answer 33

heart smooth muscle of digestive and urinary tract and activates most glands

Question 34

the adrenal medulla is dominated by the parasympathetic division of the ANS True or False

Answer 34

False it is dominated by the sympathetic division of the ANS

Question 35

The sympathtetic Division can overide the effects of the parasympathetic division during times of stress. True or False

Answer 35

True

Question 36

Medications that block parasympathetic response will also increase heart rate and cause constipation true or false

Answer 36

true

Question 37

Describe the Parasympathetic Effects on the Digestive Tract.

Answer 37

1. stimulates the secretion of watery saliva 2. increases motility and relaxes the sphincter to relax 3. increases secretion of digestive enzymes

Question 38

Describe the Sympathteic Effects on the Digestive Tract

Answer 38

1. stimulates secretion of thick, viscous saliva (Sticky) 2. decreases motility and constricts sphincter to prevent passage of contents 3. decreases Secretion

Question 39

Describe the Parasympathetic effects on Metabolism

Answer 39

1. increases glucose uptake from blood (from the liver)

Question 40

The Parasympathetic division of the ANS does not effect Celluar metabolism and Adipose tissue because there is no innervation. True or False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

Describe the ympathetic effects on Metabolism

Answer 41

1. stimulates release og glucose into the blood (fr. liver) 2. Increases cellular metabolism in some cells 3. Stimulates lipolysis in adipose tisse (fat breakdown)

Question 42

Describe the Parasympathetic effects on Urinary System.

Answer 42

Contracts the smooth muscles of bladder wall and relazes the urethral sphincter to promote voiding

Question 43

There is no parasympathetic innervation to the kidneys True or False

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Describe the sympathetic effects on urinary system

Answer 44

1. Promotes renin release and causes vasoconstriction to decrease urine output 2. Relaxes smooth muscle of the bladder wall and constricts urethral sphincter to inhibit voiding wall

Question 45

Describe the Parasympathetic effects on Reproductive System

Answer 45

1. causes erections through vasodilation of the penis or clitoris. 2. Increases vaginal lunbrication

Question 46

Describe the sympathetic effects on Reproductive System

Answer 46

1. Causes ejaculation in males 2. uterine and vaginal wall contractions

Question 47

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors that bind ACh

Answer 47

1. Nicotine Recptors 2. Muscarinic Receptors

Question 48

Nicotine Receptors are Inotropic True or False

Answer 48

True

Question 49

Muscarinic Receptors are Inotropic True or False

Answer 49

False Muscarinic receptors are Metabotropic

Question 50

Adrenergic Receptors are Metabotropic receptors which are know as alpha1, alpha2 and Beta1 and Beta 2. True or False

Answer 50

True

Question 51

What is an Ionotropic Receptor?

Answer 51

A receptor protein that includes ion channel that is opened when the receptor is bound by an agnosit

Question 52

Describe how a message is sent that initiates a response from the ANS

Answer 52

Cerebral Cortex --> Limbic System Limbic system --> Hypothalamus Hypothalamus --> Brain Stem Brain Stem ---> Spinal Cord

Question 53

What kind of sensory receptor can provide information for the autonomic control without requiring involvement of the conscious areas of the CNS?

Answer 53

Interoceptors