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ELM2 - cardiovascular > lecture 4 - anatomy of heart > Flashcards

lecture 4 - anatomy of heart Flashcards

1
Q

What is the praecordium

A

The area of the anterior chest wall over the heart

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2
Q

What is the left lateral, vertical boundary of the praecordium?

A

The midclavicular line

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3
Q

What is the location of the inferior, left margin (corner) of the parecordium?

A

L5icsmcl - Left, 5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

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4
Q

What is the location of the inferior, right margin (corner) of the parecordium?

A

4icsRSE - 4th intercostal space, (1cm) from right sternal edge

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5
Q

What is the criteria for diagnosis of an enlarged heart on a frontal view chest xray?

A

Heart is greater than 50% of lateral distance of the diaphragm, when xray taken on inspiration.

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6
Q

What are the 2 sinuses of the pericardial sac?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus, Oblique pericardial sinus

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7
Q

Which of the pericardial sinuses is superior?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus is superior to the oblique pericardial sinus.

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8
Q

What does the transverse pericardial sinus separate?

A

The pulmonary arteries and veins

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9
Q

What is the smooth area of the inside of the right atrium called?

A

Sinus of venae cavae

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10
Q

What is the non-smooth area of the inside of the right atrium lined with?

A

Musculi pectinati - Pectinate muscles

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11
Q

What are the musculi pectinati/ pectinate muscles?

A

Bands of the myocardium that produce a visible pattern on the inside of heart chambers

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12
Q

What is the structure that acts as a point of fusion for the smooth and pectinate areas of the right atrium?

A

Crista terminalis

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13
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

A closed over embryological foramen in the right atrium that once connected the left and right atria.

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14
Q

What is the name for the area of the right atrium that is lined with pectinate muscles?

A

Atrium proper

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15
Q

What are the names of the cusps of the tricuspid valve?

A

Anterior cusp, septal cusp, posterior cusp

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16
Q

What are the names of the leaflets of the pulmonary valve?

A

Anterior semilunar cusp, right semilunar cusp, left semilunar cusp

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17
Q

What is the most anterior of the outflow arteries of the heart?

A

Pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

What is the name for the cone shaped pouch of the right ventricle?

A

Conus arteriosus/infundibulum

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19
Q

What is the name of the pouch found in the right atrium?

A

Right auricle

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20
Q

What are the 3 key types of papillary muscles in the right atrium?

A

Anterior, posterior, septal

21
Q

What connect the leaflets and chordae tendinae to the chamber wall?

A

Papillary muscles

22
Q

What connects the papillary muscles to the leaflets?

A

Chordae tendineae

23
Q

What is the most anterior part of the heart?

A

Right ventricle

24
Q

What is the name for the muscular structures that line the ventricles?

A

Trabeculae carneae

25
Q

What is the name for the portion of left ventricle immediately below the aortic orifice?

A

Aortic vestibule/LV outflow tract

26
Q

What are the names of the cusps of the aortic valve?

A

Left cusp, right cusp, posterior cusp

27
Q

What are the names of the cusps of the mitral valve?

A

Anterior cusp, posterior cusp

28
Q

What is the most anterior heart valve?

A

Pulmonary valve

29
Q

What structure joins the aortic and mitral valve?

A

Left fibrous trigone

30
Q

What are the 3 histological layers of a semilunar valve?

A

Lamina fibrosa (outer) , lamina spongiosa, lamina ventricularis (inner/ventricular side)

31
Q

What is the key structural feature of the lamina fibrosa of a heart valve?

A

Collagen-rich

32
Q

What is the key structural feature of the lamina ventricularis?

A

Elastin-rich

33
Q

Where does the coronary sinus drain to?

A

The right atrium

34
Q

What is the function of the cardiac sinus?

A

Venous drainage of cardiac veins into the right atrium

35
Q

What are the 2 key branches of the Left Coronary Artery?

A

Left anterior descending coronary artery, left circumflex artery

36
Q

What are the 2 possible patterns of coronary arteries that humans can have on their heart?

A

Left dominant, right dominant

37
Q

What is the most common type of coronary artery dominance?

A

Right dominance

38
Q

Where do the left and right coronary arteries arise?

A

The aorta

39
Q

What is the location of the origin of the Left coronary artery?

A

Just superior to the left cusp of the aortic valve

40
Q

What is the location of the origin of the Right coronary artery?

A

Just superior to the right cusp of the aortic valve

41
Q

What are the 2 types of node involved in the conduction system of the heart?

A

Sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node

42
Q

What connects the SA and AV nodes?

A

Internodal pathways

43
Q

What structures facilitate conduction to the ventricles from the AV node?

A

AV bundle/Bundle of His, which then splits into the right and left bundle branches

44
Q

What are the terminal fibres of the conduction system of the heart?

A

Purkinje fibres

45
Q

What are the features of conduction cells in the heart?

A

Some peripheral myofibrils, central nucleus, mitochrondria

46
Q

Why do cardiac conduction cells have some peripheral myocytes?

A

They are derived from cardiomyocytes, which once had contractile functions

47
Q

What is the relative size of conduction cells vs cardiomyocytes?

A

Conduction cells are larger

48
Q

What type of junction is found between conduction cells?

A

Gap junctions

ELM2 - cardiovascular (21 decks)

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