Lecture 4 - Ageing And The Body Flashcards
What are the 2 types of ageing?
Intrinsic and extrinsic
What are some causes of intrinsic ageing?
Chroniclogical ageing
Biochemical degenerative process
Cortisol and hormone levels
DNA damage
Telomere shortening
Oxidative stress
What are some causes of extrinsic ageing?
Biochemical process
Environmental
Mechanical
Lifestyle
Behaviour
What generally happens to the skin as you age?
Progressive structural and functional degeneration
What structural changes occur in the skin with aging?
Atrophy of epidermis
Destruction of dermal-epidermal junction on
Dermis thickens decreases (colllegn fragmentation and elastin degradation)
What is the function of telomeres?
Sections of DNA at the end of chromosomes which help protect the DNA from ROS and mutations
What respiratory changes occur with aging?
Reduced chest wall compliance (changes in lung volumes)
Structure of lungs:
Reduced lung compliance
Senile hyperinflation
Infection susceptibility
Gas exchange more impaired
Medications
What are the likely lung volumes that are going to change with ageing?
Increased RESIDUAL VOLUME
Increased FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY
Reduced VITAL CAPACITY
What is seen on slide 11, image with asterisk?
Senile purpura
What can lead to the reduced chest wall compliance with age?
Calcification of costal ligaments
Reduced vertebral height
What is senile hyperinflation?
Loss of supporting tissue in the lungs like elastin
Why do old patient is have increased respiratory infection susceptibility?
Reduced alveolar macrophages
What are some structural changes expected to see in the heart with ageing (Cardiovasucalr)?
Ventricular hypertrophy
Interventricular septal hypertrophy
Sympathetic innervation
Aortic sclerosis
What are some functional changes expected to see in the heart with ageing (Cardiovasucalr)?
Diastolic dysfunction
Decreased CO
Dec max HR
Inc cardiac workload
Baroreceptor response
What are some electrophysiological CVS changes with ageing?
SAN atrophy
AP prolongation due to L type Calcium Channels taking longer to deactivate