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Dental Anesthesiology 2020 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What amide local anesthetics are used today?

A
  • Lidocaine
  • Prilocaine
  • Articaine
  • Mepivacaine
  • Bupivacaine
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2
Q

What amide local anesthetic is used for pregnant women?

A

-Lidocaine

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3
Q

What does ELMA include?

A
  • Lidocaine

- prilocaine

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4
Q

If a person is allergic to both amide and ester anesthetics what is a good alternative?

A

-Diphenhydraline (benadryl)

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5
Q

What are ester local anesthetics?

A
  • Procaine
  • Propoxycaine
  • Benzocaine
  • Tetracaine
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6
Q

What are the individual responses known as if a person is not anesthetized for as long as normal?

A

-Hyporesponder

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7
Q

T/F Accuracy of deposition plays a role in the duration of action of an anesthetic

A

True

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8
Q

Are regional or local blocks more effective?

A

-Regional

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9
Q

If a person has bisulfate allergy what is a good alternative anesthetic drug to use?

A

-A local anesthetic without a vasoconstrictor

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10
Q

T/F Hyporesponder may enter blood levels of overdose territory but may not present that way clinically because they don’t respond as much to anesthetic

A

True

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11
Q

If you stay below the maximum dose of anesthetic will your patient always be fine regardless of the anesthetic you use?

A

-No, some hyperresponders may respond quickly even if below the maximum dose

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12
Q

T/F Maximum doses are not magical indicators of when overdose will occur?

A

-True

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13
Q

What two groups of people do you need to be cautious about when giving anesthetic?

A
  • Children

- Elderly

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14
Q

What are the two types of maximum doses?

A
  • Patients maximum dose

- Drugs maximum dose

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15
Q

If a patients maximum dose is higher than the drugs maximum dose should you use the patient or drugs max dose?

A

-Drugs

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16
Q

What do you need to calculate the maximum dose of the patient?

A
  • Pt. weight

- Manufacture recommended max dose by weight

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17
Q

If you are using two different local anesthetics which max dose should you use?

A

-The anesthetic with the lower max dose

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18
Q

How many mL are in a carpule?

A

1.8

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19
Q

What is procaine AKA?

A

-Novocaine

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20
Q

What type of anesthetic is novocaine?

A

-Ester

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21
Q

How was procaine metabolized?

A

-Plasma hydrolysis

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22
Q

How was procaine excreted?

A

-Renal (PABA)

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23
Q

What was the duration of procaine?

A

-15-30 minutes just soft tissue though not the pulp

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24
Q

What is Lidocaine AKA?

A

-Xylocaine

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25
Q

What classification is lidocaine?

A

-Amide

26
Q

What is the metabolism of lidocaine?

A

-Hepatic

27
Q

What is the pulpal duration of lidocaine?

A

-60 minutes

28
Q

What is the soft tissue duration of lidocaine?

A

-3-5 hours

29
Q

What is the onset of action of lidocaine?

A

3-5 minutes

30
Q

If you have a green color band what does that mean?

A

1:50,000 epi

31
Q

What does a red color band mean?

A

1:100,000 epi

32
Q

What is the max recommended dose?

A

3.2 mg/lb

33
Q

What is Mepivicaine AKA?

A
  • Carbocaine

- Polocaine

34
Q

What classification is Mepivicaine?

A

-Amide

35
Q

What is the onset of action of Mepivicaine?

A

-3-5 minutes

36
Q

What is the duration for pulpal tissue for Mepivicaine?

A

-20-40 minutes

37
Q

What is the duration of soft tissue for Mepivicaine?

A

-2-3 hours

38
Q

What is the max recommended dose for mepivicaine?

A

3.0 mg/lb

39
Q

What is a good side note of mepivicaine?

A

-Used for cardiovascular pts. because it has no epinephrine

40
Q

What is Prilocaine AKA?

A

-Citanest

41
Q

What classification is Prilocaine?

A

-Amide

42
Q

What is the pulpal duration of Prilocaine?

A
  • 10-15 by infiltration

- 40-60 nerve clock

43
Q

Prilocaine is often contraindicated with what condition?

A

-Methemoglobinemia (any anemia condition)

44
Q

What is Articaine AKA?

A

-Deptocaine

45
Q

What classification is articaine?

A

-Hybrid both ester and amide

46
Q

Who should you not use articaine on?

A

-Children under 4

47
Q

What is the color band of articaine?

A

-Glossy Gold

48
Q

T/F Articaine penetrates bone very well

A

True

49
Q

What is the duration of articaine?

A

Pulpal 60-75 minutes

50
Q

What is Bupivacaine AKA?

A
  • Marcaine
51
Q

What anesethetic has the longest duration of action?

A

-Bupivacaine

52
Q

Bupivicaine is extremely _______ and can cause MI that is resistant to resistation.

A

-Cardiotoxic

53
Q

Who should you never use Bupivicaine on what population?

A
  • Children

- Elderly

54
Q

Does Mepivicaine have epinephrine?

A

-No

55
Q

What band does Mepivicaine look like?

A

-Articaine

56
Q

What is ideal for PDL/Intraligamentary injections?

A

-The Syringe

57
Q

What are the four parts of the cartridge?

A
  • Glass tube
  • Plunger
  • aluminum cap
  • Rubber diaphragm
58
Q

What technique of needle entrance neutralizes perpendicular forces that are responsible for deflection?

A

-Bi-rotational Insertion Technique

59
Q

Why do you use Oraverse?

A

-To undo the effects of the LA but if you use it then you can more easily get LA toxicity

60
Q

What is the most common point of needle breakage?

A

-The hub

61
Q

Where is the weakest part of the needle?

A

-The hub

62
Q

What are two factors that make giving an injection a burning sensations for pts?

A
  • Acidic nature of LA

- Expressing LA to quickly

Dental Anesthesiology 2020 (9 decks)

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