Lecture 4 Flashcards
1
Q
outer vestibule boundaries
A
lips and cheeks
2
Q
inner oral cavity proper boundaries
A
- separated from the vestibule by bone and gingiva
- superior: hard and soft palate
- inferior: floor of the mouth and base of the tongue
- posterior: tonsils
3
Q
functions of oral mucosa
A
- propulsion
- initiation of digestion
- sensation
- secretion
- protection
4
Q
how does the oral mucosa protect
A
- separates and protects deeper tissue
- prevents microorganism from gaining access to underlying tissue
- tonsils provide immunological protection
- forms impermeable barrier
5
Q
3 main types of oral mucosa
A
- masticatory mucosa
- lining mucosa
- specialized mucosa
6
Q
masticatory mucosa
A
- stratified squamous keratinized or parakeratinized epithelium
- bound tightly to the underlying bone
- covers gingiva and har palate
7
Q
lining mucosa
A
- stratified squamous NON keratinized epithelium
- covers inner surface of lips, checks, soft palate, inferior surface of tongue, floor of mouth
- CT layers have elastic fibers that control the extensibility of the mucosa
8
Q
lining mucosa on the floor of the oral cavity
A
-is very thin, non keratinized epithelium and because the underlying lamina propr. has extensive capillary supply with anastomosing capillary loops, certain drugs are absorbed when help under the tongue
9
Q
specialized mucosa
A
-dorsal surface of the tongue (dorsal surface of the tongue, also found in oropharynx and epiglottis)
10
Q
what are the types of specialized mucosa
A
- filiform papillae
- fungiform papillae
- circumvallate
- foliate papillae
11
Q
filiform papillae
A
no tast buds
- stratified squamous keratinized
- anterior 2/3 of tongue
- compress and break food
12
Q
fungiform papillae
A
tast buds on apical surface
- stratified squamous NON keratinized
- tip and sides of tongue
- chemoreceptor (detects taste)
13
Q
circumvallate
A
taste buds on lateral surface
- stratified squamous NON keratinized
- in V shaped row just anterior to the terminal sulcus
- chemoreceptor (detects taste)
14
Q
foliate papillae
A
taste buds lateral
- stratified squamous NON keratinized
- posterior lateral surface of the tongue
- chemoreceptor (detects taste)
15
Q
development of the papillae and taste buds
A
- first appear at the end of the embryonic period (week8 )
- vallate and foliate are firs to appear
- taste buds develop during week 10-11
- fetal responses to bitter stimulus can be recorded at 26 weeks
16
Q
gingiva
A
- oral mucosa surrounding erupted teeth
- lining mucosa undergoes an abrupt change at the mucogingival junction to masticatory epithelium
17
Q
gingiva is composed of 2 parts
A
- gingival mucosa
- junctional epithelium
18
Q
gingival mucosa
A
faces oral cavity
19
Q
junctional epithelium
A
- atttaches firmy to the enamel/ cementum via hemidesmosomes
- inner basal lamina binds to calcified tissue
- basal cells rest on a typical basal lamina
- junction of the epithelium and the tooth is permeable and antigens can pass through it and initiate inflammation (gingivitis)
20
Q
periodontal ligament
A
- located between the commute and alveolar bone
- principal fiber groups -type I collagen fibers
21
Q
functions of the PDL
A
- tooth attachment/ fixation and support
- proprioception
- detects pain sensation
22
Q
things that the PDL has that is unlike typical ligaments
A
- highly vascularized
- rich blood supply
- lots of nerves
- collagen fibers have a high turnover rate
-poor nutrition causes atrophy
23
Q
branching morphogenesis
A
-development of a small bud connected by a cord of epithelial cells and clefts develop in the bud, forming 2 or more new buds
24
Q
after the lumen develops the epithelium consists of 2 layers
A
- inner layer which will differentiate into secretory cells
- outer layer which form contractile myoepithelial cells (helps to transport saliva to the oral cavity)
25
salivary glands have 2 portions
- acinus- secretory portion
| - duct- conducting portion)
26
merocrine secretion
secretory product release in membrane bound vesicles
27
mucous cells
- mucinogen granules filled with hydrophilic glycoproteins called mucins
- mucins are release to become hydrated and form mucus
- mucus is viscour, stiky, elastic secretion
28
serous cells
-produce nonglycosylated protein secretion
29
when does the parotid gland develop
4-6 weeks of embryonic life
30
when does the submandibular gland develop
6 weeks of embryonic life
31
when does the sublingual gland develop
8-12 weeks of embryonic life
32
cells of the secretory acini and ducts become mature..
during the last 2 months of development
33
development continues post-natally until..
2 years of age
34
salivary glands and saliva functions
- forms the first barriers agains infection (protection)
- aids in speech and swallowing
- buffering
- tooth integrity
- tissue repair
- digestion
- taste
35
von ebner gland secretion
produces purely SEROUS product (only minor salivary gland to do this- the rest are mixed)
36
parotid gland secretion
purely serous
37
submandibular gland secretion
SEROUS and mucous
38
sublingual gland secretion
MUCOUS and serous
39
saliva is
HYPOTONIC because Na is removed but water does not follow
40
2 major divisions of the skull
- neurocranium
| - viscerocranium
41
what does the neurocranium form
- protective case around the brain
| - includes: cranial vault, cranial base
42
what does the viscerocranium form
forms the skeleton of the face
43
cranial vault/calvaria (neurocranium)
intramembranous bone of neural crest cella nd paraxial mesoderm origin
44
cranial base (neurocranium)
endochondral bone of neural crest origin and paraxial mesoderm
45
viscerocranium/face
intrammbranous bone of neural crest origin
46
the mandible is formed by
endochondral ossification and intramembranous ossification
47
membranous neurocranium includes
- frontla bone
- parietal bone
- squamous portion of the occipital bone
48
membranous neurocranium begins as a mesenchymal membrane covering the developing brain derived from
- neural crest cells (frontal bone)
| - paraxial mesoderm (parietal and occipital)
49
ossification of the developing bones of the calvaria depends
on the presence of the brain (induced)
50
the frontal bone develops from..
2 membranous ossification centers above each superciliary arch during the 7th week of development
-at birth these are separated by a midline inter-frontal suture
51
the inter-frontal suture typically fuses by
9 months and is usually completely obliterated by 6-7 years of age
52
sutures
connective tissue that separated flat bones
| -derived from neural crest cells (sagittal suture) and paraxial mesoderm (coronal suture)
53
frontanelles
wide sutures where more than 2 bones meet
| -allow the bones of the skull to overlap during the birthing process (ew)
54
cartilaginous neurocranium (chondocranium)
- occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid, petrous and mastoid temporal
- derived from neural crest cells and paraxial mesoderm
- ossification centers appear in the skull and the centers fuse to form the base of the skull
55
viscerocranium (bones of the face)
- mesenchyme for the formation of the bones of the face is neural crest cell derived
- intramembranous ossification occurs in the maxillary prominence and mandibular prominece
56
chondocranium (neurocranium)
- occipital
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
- petrous and mastoid par of the temporal bone
57
membrnaous neurocrnaium
- interparietal part of occipital
- parietal
- frontal
- squamous portion of the temporal bone
58
cartilagenous viserocranium
- pharyngeal arch 1 (meckel's cartilage, malleus, incus)
| - pharyngeal arch 2 (reichert's cartilage, stapes, styloid process)
59
membranous viserocranium
- maxillary process- superficial (squamous part of temporal bone, zygomatic, maxillary, premaxillary, nasal, lacrimal)
- maxillary process-deep (palatine, vomer, pterygoid)
- mandibular process (mandible)
