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Oral Bio E2 > heart development > Flashcards

heart development Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

when does the cardiovascular system begin to develop

A

week 3

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2
Q

progenitor heart cells migrate…

A

through the primitive streak into splanchnic lateral plate mesoderm

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3
Q

after folding the heart has an inner… and outer…

A

inner endothelial layer

outer myocardial layer

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4
Q

sinous venous

A

left/ right sinus horns that initially receive 3 paired veins

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5
Q

primitive atrium

A

forms trabeculated part of right atrium and all of the left atrium

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6
Q

primitive ventricle

A

forms trabeculated left ventricle

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7
Q

bulbus cordis

A
  • proximal: right ventricle

- distal: smooth part of the right and left ventricles

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8
Q

truncus arteriosus

A

proximal ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk

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9
Q

order in which the blood flows

A

right and left horns of the sinus venosus- atrium-ventricle- bolbus cords-trancus arteriosus

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10
Q

cardiac looping occurs to the…

A

RIGHT

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11
Q

proximal bulbous cordis is displaced…

A

caudally, ventrally, and to the right

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12
Q

primitive ventricle is displaced to the

A

right

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13
Q

primitive atrium is displaced

A

dorsally and cranially

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14
Q

looping of the cephalic portions

A
  • ventral
  • caudal
  • right
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15
Q

looping of the caudal portion

A
  • dorsal
  • cranial
  • left
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16
Q

differential growth

A

one region is proliferating more rapidly than the other region- causes the hear to bend on itself
bulbus cordis and primitive ventricle

17
Q

septa will form in the …

A
  • atrioventricular canal
  • primitive atrium
  • outflow tract
  • primitive ventricle
18
Q

septum formation in the atrioventricular canal steps

A
  • endocardial cushions form on the dorsal (inferior ) and ventral (superior) walls of the atrioventricular canal
  • 2 cushions meet and fuse
19
Q

septum formation in the atrioventricular canal result

A
  • complete division of the single atrioventricular canal into a right and left atrioventricular canal
  • endocardial cushions also function as primitive valves
20
Q

septation of the atria

A
  • the primary septum is the valve of the foramen ovale

- secondary septum forms foramen ovale

21
Q

atrial septal defects (ASDs)

A

-abnormal fixed opening in atrial septum caused by incomplete formation

22
Q

consequences of ASDs

A
  • arrhythmia
  • paradoxial embolism
  • pulmonary hypertension
  • right ventricular failure
23
Q

ASD- ostium secundum defect

A
  • size of septum premium is insufficient to cover the entire oval fossa, or septum scandium fails to fully form
  • near the center or middle of the atrial septum
24
Q

ASD- ostium primum

A
  • involve region adjacent to the endocardial cushions
  • ostium primum defects is less common but more severe
  • surgical correlation is required to manage these defects
25
Q

normal closure of foramen ovale

A

after birth: fall in pressure in right atrium will result in valve of foramen ovale pressing against the secondary septum

26
Q

conotruncal ridges

A

ridges largely derived from neural crest mesenchyme that separate the aortic and pulmonary channels
develop in a spiral configuration

27
Q

fusion of the conotruncal ridges

A

they fuse with one another in a cranial to caudal direction, forming the conotruncal septum which separates the aortic and pulmonary outflow tracts

28
Q

formation of the ventricular spetum

A

the caudal end of the conotruncal septum reaches the muscular portion of the ventricular septum and the atrioventricular septum
-they fuse to complete the ventricular septum

29
Q

interventricular septum forms from a

A
  • muscular portion
  • membraneous portion
    • right conus swelling
    • left conus swelling
    • endocardial cushion
    • neural crest cells
30
Q

muscular interventricular septum

A
  • apical aspect of the right and left ventricles expand
  • expanding right and left walls grow closer to one another and form a protrusion into the lumen
  • continues to grow between the right and left ventricular chambers toward the endocardial cushions
  • the extension stops prior to reaching the fused endocardial cushions leaving the inter ventricular foramen
31
Q

membranous interventricular septum

A
  • formation of the membranous part of the inter ventricular septum results in complete separation of the ventricles
  • muscular septum fuses with conotrucal septum and endocardial cushion
32
Q

ventricular defects

A

-90% are related to partial or incomplete formation of the membranous portion of the septum

33
Q

4 changes define the tetralogy fallot

A
  • pulmonary stenosis
  • ventricular septal defects
  • overriding aorta
  • right ventricular hypertrophy

Oral Bio E2 (11 decks)

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