Lecture 4 Flashcards
Interviewing is referred to as a
Professional conversation
The 3 different interview structures:
Structured
Semi-structured
Unstructured
What is the gold standard of doing an interview?
Face-to-face
There are two main interview techniques:
Standardised
Qualitative
Double hermeneutic is…
An interpretation of someone’s interpretation
Case studies are popular with which qual research method
IPA
IPA works best with which research method?
Semi structured or structured interview MUST have a purposive sample
What is a research interview?
Practice of understanding other ppl by talking with them and listening to them
Research interviews generate
Verbatim data
Verbatim data is data that
Exactly what you hear is transcribed.
When doing a research interview what is one of the challenges?
Remembering you’re not doing therapy…you’re doing research!!
Structured interviews questioning:
Use same questions in the same order with each participant. With a particular response for each q. I.e. Response A
What sort of sample do structured interviews have
Large…ie market research
Structured interviews also used if you have a very……….questionnaire to deliver
Complex
Structured interviews are commonly used with these type of participants
Young children… Unable to complete by themselves
What’s good about using structured interviews? 5 points
- easy to administer
- easy replicated
- transferable results, good reliability
- simple data analysis
- lower influence for interpersonal variables
Disadvantages for structured interviews…3 points
- respondent constrained
- reduced richness
- info maybe distorted through poor q wording
Semi structured questions are:
In a set order
Prepared in advance
Usually open-ended
Interviewer can raise aspects not anticipated by researcher in what type of interview?
Semi-structured
Semi structured interviews mean that you can respond in
Natural, conversational ways, showing commitment to understanding what is important to the interviewee
From a qual perspective which type of interviews are preferred?
Semi and unstructured interviews
Why are semi and unstructured interviews preferred in qual research?
They best represent the subject through the interviewee’s eyes.
Semi structured interviews advantages…4 points
- can compare responses
- data analysed easily
- no topics missed
- respondents not constrained by fixed answers
Semi structured interview disadvantages…3 points
- some loss of flexibility for interviewer
- q wording may reduce richness
- limits to transferability
Unstructured interviews are
No set format
Usually exploratory
Useful when little is known about subject
Unstructured interviews used particularly in
Narrative research and ethnography ie life story interview
Advantages of unstructured interviews…4 points
- flexible
- rich data
- relaxes interviewee
- should produce valid (meaningful) data
Disadvantages of unstructured interviews…4 points
- unsystematic
- difficult data to analyse
- strongly influenced by interpersonal variables
- results may not be transferable
Interviews with more than one individual is called
Focus groups
Online interviews
E-interviews by instant messaging or email
Which is the most common interview context?
Face to face with one individual
Two main focuses of interviews are
Subjective account of human experience
Exploratory focus
An important aim of interviews is to
Reveal something important about human behaviour
What does exploratory focus in an interview mean?
That no assumption that all issues and ways of experiencing them are known in advance.
Exploratory interviews focus on yielding data on
Common understandings, opinions, meanings, attitudes, emotions/feelings
Since first used in 1886 the interview has changed from a tool for
Data excavation to a type of social interaction that can constitute data
What is data excavation?
Interview seen as a way of accessing info that resided in the participants head.
In data excavation the info retrieved is believed to be
Uncontaminated by research process
Not sig affected by the interviewer
What are the 5 different types of interviews
Narrative
Active
GT
feminist
Social interaction interviews as opposed to data extraction interviews are a way of
Formulating info not collecting data
Two issues with social interaction interviews are:
Co-constructed data
What/how narrative
Con-constructed data gained in interviews relies on
Interaction between two individuals
In a co-constructed interview the two individuals are both individuals equal in the interview?
Yes
Inter-view =
Co-constructed
What/now narrative deals with individuals
Thoughts feelings attitudes beliefs memories (WHAT) and can be talked about in different ways (HOW)
Important factors in what/how narrative are: (4 q’s)
What individual has been asked
How it has been asked
Why it has been asked
Who asks
Braun and clarkes pragmatic approach to interviewing means you need a sample between
5-25 ppl
DA uses what type of structured interview?
Unstructured
IPA uses what kind of structured interview?
Semi-structured
Focus groups are basically
Group interviews
What are the two types of focus groups?
Moderator focus groups (most common)
Self-modulated focus groups
Focus groups time duration
Approx 1 hr
Focus groups are useful for research that looks at:
- interactions btwn participants
- naturalistic communication ie story telling
- shared negotiation of ideas
Focus group advantages…first 3
Dynamic
Involves participants in research process
Easy to assemble
Focus group advantages….last 3
Economical
Rich data
Good for lower literacy levels
Focus group disadvantages…4
- need good moderator skills
- can be difficult to analyse
- group processes affect data
- artificial setting
