Lecture 4

Question 1

Discrimination

Answer 1

unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice

Question 2

prejudice

Answer 2

attitude towards members of some group based solely on their membership in that group

Question 3

Dominant group

Answer 3

group who controls access to social powers which is determined through physical or behavioural characteristics and subjectively through identification with the group

Question 4

Subordinate group (minority)

Answer 4

group that is disadvantaged with respect to a dominant group in terms of social status, education, employment, wealth & political power. they receive differential treatment in the society in which they live. based on perceived membership

Question 5

Dominant ideology

Answer 5

a set of common values, beliefs or ideas shared by most people in a given society and frames how they think

Question 6

uncritical loyalty

Answer 6

we don’t question what is going on as a society, maybe individually but not as a population, we just follow the dominant ideology structured in society (ex. women can wear makeup but if a man does he will be questioned)

Question 7

norm

Answer 7

rule that is socially enforced/sanctioned and involves an expected standard of behaviour and beliefs established by a dominant group

Question 8

sanction

Answer 8

violators of norms are considered deviant and shamed or disgraced (made to maintain privileges for members of the dominant group

Question 9

forms of discrimination

Answer 9

de jure
de facto
ex post facto
overt
covert
interpersonal
institutional

Question 10

de jure

Answer 10

mandated by law

Question 11

de facto

Answer 11

without legal basis but sanctioned and evidenced by custom or practice

Question 12

ex post facto

Answer 12

after an event has occured

Question 13

overt

Answer 13

obvious and blatant, would be very clear on exam

Question 14

covert

Answer 14

subtle (covered)

Question 15

interpersonal

Answer 15

between individuals with one person(s) discriminating against another person

Question 16

institutional

Answer 16

biases and oppression that are structured in our institutions

Question 17

sexism

Answer 17

oppression based on gender (ex. males are superior)

Question 18

heterosexism

Answer 18

form of discrimination that favours heterosexuals over people with other sexual orientations

Question 19

gender logic

Answer 19

process where social rules attempt to organize the relationships of women and men in societies

Question 20

social construction

Answer 20

idea which may appear to be natural and obvious to those who accept it but it really is an invention of that society

Question 21

sex

Answer 21

biological and physical characteristics

Question 22

sexual orientation

Answer 22

behaviour, desire, identification

Question 23

Femininity

Answer 23

socially constructed set of characteristics that define an ideal woman

Question 24

Masculinity

Answer 24

➢ A socially constructed set of characteristics that define an “ideal type” of masculinity

Question 25

does inequity or inequality cause differences in options

Answer 25

inequity

Question 26

homologous reproduction

Answer 26

reproduction of the same. ex. a female will hire a female in her place, a white male will hire a white male

Question 27

racism

Answer 27

belief that race is the basic determinant of human abilities and so discrimination occurs and interpretation is socially constructed

Question 28

“one-drop rule”

Answer 28

the idea that if a person had one drop of black blood they were considered a black person

Question 29

social exclusivity

Answer 29

encouraging only a small number of acceptable participants (ex. country clubs)

Question 30

conspicuous consumption

Answer 30

using PA as a means of showing off privileged position

Question 31

control over time

Answer 31

flexibility in work hours means more time to be active

Question 32

3 levels of PA participation in the middle class

Answer 32

community sponsorship
structured leisure
home based PA

Question 33

Prole sports

Answer 33

sport avoided by upper class and is associated with lower class because they are cheaper and incorporate speed, daring, physical strength, violence, risk

Question 34

Pseudeosports

Answer 34

pseudo = false

therefore non-legitimate or contrived activities