lecture 4 Flashcards
elements that comprise blood
cells, cell fragments, platelets, plasma
what is PCV/packed cell volume
RBC and buffy coat spins down to bottom of tube, plasma remains at top
plasma vs serum
plasma has anticoagulant which allows fibrinogen to remain (required for clot)
what does hemogram (CBC) tell you
RBC count, WBC count, platelet numbers, total protein, fibrinogen
characteristics of erythrocytes (RBCs)
biconcave disk shaped, made in bone marrow, deliver oxygen and haul off waste CO2, destroyed by macrophages once old and hemoglobin is recycled
what does capillary blood flow mean
only allows single cell to pass through at a time
what is FAMACHA and how is it scorted
scoring system for severity of anemia, compare color of conjunctiva to score card, optimal = bright red, fatal anemia = pale white
what are granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
agranulocytes
monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes
what does leukocytosis and leukopenia mean
leukocytosis = high WBC, leukopenia = low WBC
characteristics of neutrophils
lobulated nucleus, first defender, indiscriminate phagocytes, bands/left shift = immature neutrophils
accumulation of neutrophils cause
suppurative exudate and purulent discharge
characteristics of eosinophils
bilobed nucleus, cytoplasmic granules that stain red/pink, kill by exocytosing granules (not phagocytes), increase due to allergies and parasites
characteristics of basophils
cytoplasmic granules that stain blue/purple, increase in allergies. called mast cells once in tissue, granules contain histamine (dilate vessels) and heparin
characteristics of monocytes
phagocytes, secrete cytokines which lead to feelings of illness (fever, chills, etc), amplify local immune response into systemic response
