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SM@Work > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the central importance of social relationships for team performance?

A
  • Team needs to work together towards a common goal
  • Team performance is strongly dependent on team cohesiveness
  • In establishing this, communication is key!
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2
Q

Which 3 factors are in the socio-emotional process?

A
  • Trust
  • Relationship building
  • Cohesion
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3
Q

What does reduced (non-verbale) social signals in CMC lead to?

A

Reduced social presence

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4
Q

What is social presence?

A

the extent to which one perceives the other person as physically and/or mentally present in the conversation

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5
Q

What happens when social presence is reduced?

A

people feel less socially connected

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6
Q

Which factors negatively influenced in a study by Bente et al. (2008) when using text instead of video

A
  1. Presence
  2. Satisfaction
  3. Intimacy
  4. trust
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7
Q

What is the ‘Online disinhibition effect’ ?

A
  • Anonymity in CMC makes people less concerned with being positively evaluated by others
  • This makes people disinhibited: they dare to say anythink they think without concern for other’s feelings
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8
Q

What did a study show about cyberbullying and disinhibition?

A

cyberbullying is positively related to feeling anonymous and disinhibited

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9
Q

What is the Social information processing theory about? (Walther, 1992)

A

Building social relationships

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10
Q

What is the assumption about building social relationships? (Walther, 1992)

A

people are intrinsically motivated to:
- Reduce interpersonal uncertainty
- Form impressions of one another
- Develop affinity (need to belong)

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11
Q

CMC has less non-verbal cues (bandwidth) than FTF which results in…?

A
  • Takes longer for relationships to develop
  • Increased reliance on available channels
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12
Q

What do people do to handle the issue of less non-verbal cues in CMC?

A
  • People adapt their interpersonal communication to whatever cues remain available in CMC
  • People develop alternative strategies that substitute for those used in FTF
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13
Q

What is hyper-personal communication?

A

Observation that sometimes more intimate/close social relationships develop more rapidly online than offline

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14
Q

Which 4 effects contribute to hyper-personal communication? (Walther, 1996)

A
  1. Sender
  2. Receiver
  3. Channel
  4. Feedback
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15
Q

How does the ‘sender’ contribute to hyper-personal communication?

A

Selective self-presentation

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16
Q

How does the ‘Receiver’ contribute to hyper-personal communication?

A
  • Filling in the blanks
  • Stereotypical, positively biased attributions
17
Q

How does the ‘Channel’ contribute to hyper-personal communication?

A
  • Greater control (editing)
  • No physical interference (less cogn. load)
18
Q

How does ‘Feedback’ contribute to hyper-personal communication?

A

Behavioral confirmation. Self-fulfilling prophecy

19
Q

What is ‘electronic portrayal’?

A

The extent to which a communication system reveals the true identity of its users

20
Q

What did the study of Altschuller & Benbunan-Fich (2013) find about building social relationships?

A
  • Researched Trust and Electronic Portrayal
  • Electronic Portrayal Continuum
    - Low and high electronic portrayal = low trust
    - Partial electronic portrayal = Highest point of trust
  • Combines:
    - Hyperpersonal Model
    - Social Presence theory
21
Q

What are popular explanations for online escalation?

A
  • People become asocial online
  • Online messages are vague and ambiguous
22
Q

Why does ‘Online messages are vague and ambiguous’ explain online escalation?

A

Due to their reduced cues they can be easily misinterpreted.” (formalized in media richness theory; Daft & Lengel, 1986)

22
Q

Why do people become asocial online?

A

Due to anonymity and reduced social presence they do not care about the impression they make on others.” (formalized in online disinhibition effect; Suler, 2004)

23
Q

What is the traditional scientific explanation of online escalation?

A

Affordances -> psychological change -> Behavioral change

24
Q

What is the problem with the traditional scientific explanation of online escalation?
(Affordances -> psychological change -> Behavioral change)

A

Affordances disable and enable behavior
(Affordances -> > Behavioral change -> psychological change)

25
Q

How do people prevent misunderstanding & conflict FtF?

A
  • Responsiveness
  • reduce Ambiguity
26
Q

What is Responsiveness? (e.g., Davis & Perkowitz, 1979)

A

the degree to which interaction partners provide instant feedback to each other (e.g., by nodding or humming in response)

27
Q

What is Ambiguity? (e.g., Bavelas et al., 1990)

A

indirect and vague expression (e.g., “I do not know for sure”, “maybe”, “sort of”)

28
Q

What type of behavior are Responsiveness and Ambiguity?

A

Diplomatic behaviors

29
Q

What are the results of behavioral change on how small groups deal with disagreement online and offline?

A
  • less responsiveness and less ambiguity online
  • No disinhibited behavior!
30
Q

What are the results of psychological change on how small groups deal with disagreement online and offline?

A
  • feel more ignored and observe more disinhibition online
    - No self-perceived disinhibition!
  • More disagreement and less solidarity experienced online
    - No real disagreement!
31
Q

What are the result of behavioral change on psychological change on how small groups deal with disagreement online and offline?

A

online changes behavior and that is related to experiencing disinhibition and disagreement

32
Q

What are the pros & cons of Video-conferencing?

A
  • More social cues and visibility
  • Responsiveness and ambiguity might be re-introduced
  • Maybe less room for hyperpersonal (idealized) impressions
  • Still not synchronous and lack of eye contact -> people interrupted and less connectedness (e.g., Kaiser et al., 2022)
33
Q

What happens with colleagues with established relationships?

A
  • Modality switching (Ramirez & Sumner, 2015)
  • Expectations based on prior experiences with the same person
34
Q

What is Modality switching? (Ramirez & Sumner, 2015)

A

shifting of interactions from one communication. channel to another

35
Q

What happens with colleagues with status differences?

A

Dominant behavior expected from higher status other (Leffler et al., 1982)
- Interruptions
- Unresponsiveness
- Forceful, confident statements

SM@Work (8 decks)

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