Lecture 2 Flashcards
What is work?
The intentional activity people perform to support the needs and wants of themselves, others, or a wider community
Why do people work?
- Money
- Identity work
- Relatedness needs
Which theory explains why we work?
Self-determination theory
How does the self-determination theory explain why we work?
Need for:
- Competence
- Connection
- Autonomy
What are the 3 periods of time of changing nature work?
- <1700 : Premodernity
- 1700 - 1960 : Modernity
- 1960 + : Late modernity
Describe ‘<1700: before ‘modernity’
o Mostly agriculture
o Central aim = producing ‘food
o Small-scale, relatively localized production
o Based on individual skills and craftsmanship
Describe ‘1700 – 1960: Industrial revolution = modernity’
o Factory work – industry and manufacturing
o Central aim = producing ‘goods’ to earn a wage that enables you to consume goods
o Large-scale, centralized production incorporating heavy, mechanized machinery
o Centralized, hierarchical managerial bureaucracies
o Based on mass numbers of wage workers
o Relatively easy for workers to organize themselves (unions)
Describe ‘1960 – 1990: late modernity – start of the ‘information society’ (‘wave 1’)’
o Office work – service industry
o Central aim = producing ‘information’. Knowledge and information get economic value
o Scattered production
o Functional differentiation: need for schooling to deliver ‘experts’
Describe ‘1990 – now: late modernity – further expansion of the ‘information society’ (‘Wave 2’)’
Increasing digitization that makes previous methods of production obsolete
What is the networked society theory?
A sociological and technological concept developed to describe and explain the profound changes in society resulting from the widespread adoption of digital and networked technologies.
Which networked society’s do we know?
- Early industrialized society (1900) -> little boxes
- Glocalized’ networks (1960 – 2000)
- Networked Individualism (21st C, emerging)
Describe ‘Early industrialized society (1900)’
- People bound up in groups or ‘little boxes’
- A few groups with clear boundaries
- Hierarchically and structured
- Social activity bounded by place and time
- Dominant mode of communication: face-to-face (door-to-door)
What is groupware?
Computer software & hardware aimed at group collaboration
Describe ‘Glocalized’ networks (1960 – 2000)
- People in different places and multiple social networks
- ‘Psychological neighborhoods’: communities based on common interest
- Social networks disembedded form ‘place’
- Dominant mode of communication: fixed telephone, mail, fax and (by the end of 20th century) Internet (e-mail)
Describe ‘Networked Individualism (21st C, emerging)’
- Person-to-person connectivity
- Rapid switching between networks
- “Each person separately operates his networks to obtain information, collaboration, orders, support, sociability, and a sense of belonging”
- Interpersonal relationships increasingly based on specialized (narrow) roles (specialized social networks)
- Weak ties become increasingly important
What is a network organization
A form of cooperation in which social processes in ALL domains of human activity are increasingly organized in the form of network, in which the nodes are increasingly connected by means of ICTs
