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PSYCH 101 > Lecture 4 > Flashcards

Lecture 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is the nervous system divided?

A
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2
Q

What is the difference between the ANS and SNS?

A

SNS interacts with the external environment, while the NAS participates in the regulation of the internal environment

-BOTH have an afferent and efferent component

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3
Q

What is the difference in the afferent and efferent components of the ANS and SNS?

A

SNS
-Afferent: carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscle, joints, eyes, ears, into the CNS
- Efferent: carry motor signals from the CNS out to the skeletal muscle
ANS
- Afferent: carry sensory signals from internal organs to the CNS
- Efferent: carry motor signals from the CNS to internal organs

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4
Q

What division of the nervous system has the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions? What are their differences?

A

ANS efferent
Sympathetic: state of arousal, mobilize energy resources in threatening situations
Parasympathetic: calming situation; act to conserve energy

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5
Q

What is the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain? What are their functions?

A

Forebrain: composed of cerebral cortex and limbic system (subcortical structures)
- Controls complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, and motor functions
Midbrain: important for orientation and movement (helps orient organism toward sensory stimuli)
Hindbrain: composed of reticular formation, medulla, cerebellum, pons,
- Coordinates information coming into and out of the SC

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6
Q

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex and what are the 2 main characteristic features we find in it?

A

Responsible for most complex aspects of perception, emotion, movement, and thought (the lobes)

Gyrus (Gyri): smooth surface
Sulcus (sulci): indentations

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7
Q

Occiptal lobe

A

Process visual information (eyes –> thalamus –> occipital lobe)

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8
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing and language
- Contains primary auditory cortex and Wernicke’s area (understanding language)

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9
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Process information about touch
- Contains somatosensory cortex (homunculus)

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10
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Abstract thinking, movement, planning, memory, and judgement
- Includes motor cortex and Broca’s area (language production)

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11
Q

Insular lobe

A

Taste perception, perceives internal organ states, linked to emotions of compassion and empathy

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12
Q

What are the 7 major subcortical structures found within the forebrain?

A
  1. Basal ganglia
  2. Limbic system
  3. Hippocampus
  4. Amygdala
  5. Thalamus
  6. Hypothalamus
  7. Pituitary gland
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13
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Direct intentional movement, controls posture and movement

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14
Q

Limbic system

A

Subcortical structures meet the cortex; includes the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus
- Four F’s (feed, fight, fleeing, fuck)

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15
Q

Hippocampus

A

Critical in creating new memories and integrating them into a network of knowledge to be stored into other parts of the cortex

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16
Q

Amygdala

A

Central role in many emotional processes, particularly the formation of emotional memories (especially in fear)

17
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays and filters information from the senses and transmits the information to the cortex (except smell)

18
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Regulates body temeprature, hunger, thirst, sexual behaviour

19
Q

Pituitary galnd

A

Master gland of the body’s hormone producing system, which releases hormones which direct the functions of many other glands in the body

20
Q

Reticular formation

A

Responsible for regulation of sleep, wakefulness, and arousal

21
Q

Medulla

A

Extension of the SC that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and respiration

22
Q

Cerebellum

A

Largest structure of the hindbrain and controls fine motor skills

23
Q

Pons

A

Structure that relays information from the cerebellum to the rest of the brain (key in sleep and dreaming)

24
Q

What are the 3 mechanisms regulating the concentration of NT on the synaptic cleft?

A
  1. Autoreceptors
  2. Reuptake
  3. Degrading enzymes
25
Q

Glutamate

A

Major excitatory NT
- Learning, enhanced memory, relay sensory information

26
Q

GABA

A

Major inhibitory NT
- Learning, memory, sleep

27
Q

ACh

A

PNS
- Voluntary muscle control, internal irgans
Brain
- Regulation of attention, learning, memory, sleeping and dreaming

28
Q

Dopamine

A

Motivation and pleasure, emotional arousal, motor behvaiour

29
Q

Serotonin

A

Regulates sleep and wakefulness

30
Q

NE

A

Involved in states of vigilance or heightened awareness of dangers in the environment

31
Q

Endorphins

A

Acts within pain pathways (reduce pain)
Acts within emotional centers of the brain (elevates mood)

PSYCH 101 (7 decks)

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