Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Answer 1

Question 2

What are the 4 levels of analysis of behaviour? What does each level of analysis focuses on?

Answer 2

Biological
- Genetics
- Brain systems
- Neurochemistry

Psychological
- Personality
- Perception and cognition
- Emotions

Social
- Interpersonal behaviour
- Social cognition

Cultural
- Impact of society and culture on individual’s thoughts, actions, and behaviours

Question 3

What are the 2 main “Ways of knowing” ? What are the subtypes and how do we identify these subtypes?

Answer 3

1. Scientific method
2. Unscientific method (non-data-driven)
   - Folk wisdom/common sense: we just know =
   knowledge we pick up on along the way (sayings:
   opposites attract)
   - Authority: we listen to authorities (default to the
   answers being told upon us
   - Intuition: gut feeling (your baby will be a boy)

Question 4

What are the 4 key characteristics of sciences?

Answer 4

1. Systematic empiricism
   - Relying on observation
   - Relationships between observations can tell us about how the world works only if systematically organized
2. Production of public knowledge
   - Scientific research needs to be transparently reported to the public
   - Full disclosure of methods and results
3. Search foe solvable problems
   - Relies on empirical observation (can only solve problems that have potential empirical solutions)
   - Hypothesis must be testable using empirical observations
4. It’s incremental
   Existing knowledge → unanswered questions → research → more evidence → publish communicate → incorporate to what we already knew (builds upon itself)

Question 5

How do we report scientific information?

Answer 5

Peer-review
- At the journal, an editor handles a paper
- Selects anonymous reviewers
- Reviewers comment on research
- Editor makes decision (accept paper, revise and resresubmit, reject)

Question 6

What is