Lecture 4 Flashcards
what does DNP do in mt
inhibits ATP production
letahl, but marketed as slimming treatment
what does thermogenin do
similar to DNP
found in mt
generates heat
(makreted to burn fat)
where is mt DNA inehrited from
mohter
what does 3 person IVF aim to do
replace defective maternal mtDNA with donor’s mtDNA
what are 2 methods for 3 person IVF
- either fertilised egg, nucleus taken out and put into donor’s denucleated egg
- or mothers DNA taken out first, put into donor egg, then the donor egg is fertilised w sperm
how much of mt proteins are encoded by mtDNA
1%
the rest encoded by nuclear genes as per usual (so have to be imported into mt)
what does a mt targetting signal sequence look like
high R, S and T
At N-terminus (unlike NSL which is anywhere)
cleaved after imported (unlike NSL which isnt)
AMPHIPATHIC A HELIX secondary struc
how does protein get into mt
outer memb = MTS recognised by receptor, tranlocater moves it into intermemb space
inner memb = 2nd translocator into matrix and signal is cleaved off
what must happen in order for proteins to move throught the translocators, and what allows this to happen
- must be unfolded
- chaeprone proteins (Hsp70s) pull it through
- and help it refold once its in the matrix
- driven by ATP hydrolysis
whats a difference between cp DNA vs mt DNA
cp DNA is bigger
but maj still encoded for by nuclear DNA
what is cp signal sequence enriched in
S, T and hydrophobic AAs
(cleaved off)
when studying importance of signal sequences, how is protein transport (or lack off) visualised
fluorescence microscope
how to study importance of NLS
- cleave sequence fully to see if it affects protein transport
- change AA sequence
how to see if signal sequence cleaved or not after translocation
- SDS PAGE
- sep the proteins by size
- reduced size if cleaved
