Lecture 4

Question 1

Guild?

Answer 1

Species that use the same resource

Question 2

Functional group?

Answer 2

Species that function in similar ways.

Question 3

Community structure?

Answer 3

The set of characteristics that shape communities.

Question 4

Species composition?

Answer 4

The contribution of one species to the environment.

Question 5

Species richness?

Answer 5

The number of species in a community.

Question 6

Species evenness?

Answer 6

The relative abundance when comparing different species.

Question 7

Rank abundance curve x, y? (2•)

Answer 7

•y = Proportional abundance
•x = Abundance rank (species richness)

Question 8

What does the slope of a rank abundance curve mean?

Answer 8

Evenness.

Question 9

Species accumulation curve (x,y)?

Answer 9

x = sampling effort (# of individuals)
y = number of species in samples (species richness)

Question 10

Species area relationship?

Answer 10

Species richness increases with area sampled.

Question 11

What can increase species richness? (2•)

Answer 11

•Immigration
•Speciation

Question 12

What can decrease species richness?

Answer 12

•extinction

Question 13

Equilibrium model of biogeography (x,y)?

Answer 13

x = species richness
y = rate for immigration and rate for extinction

Question 14

I > E?

Answer 14

dS/dt > 0

Question 15

I < E?

Answer 15

dS/dt <0

Question 16

S{eq}?

Answer 16

When I = E

Question 17

When is the immigration rate the highest?

Answer 17

In a region with few species.

Question 18

When is the extinction rate the highest?

Answer 18

In a region with a lot of species.

Question 19

When can the extinction rate change?

Answer 19

When the size of the region changes.

Question 20

When can the immigration rate change?

Answer 20

When the region moved or other regions moved closer.

Question 21

The probability of immigration and extinction depends on?

Answer 21

The species already present.

Question 22

S{eq} depends on?

Answer 22

The balance between immigration and extinction.

Question 23

Theory of island biogeography?

Answer 23

How species diversity as they disperse across islands.

Question 24

Biogeography?

Answer 24

The study of species composition and diversity across geographic locations.

Question 25

????What drives the Latitudinal diversity gradient??????

Answer 25

•Patterns of species richness are controlled by rates of speciation, extinction, and dispersal.
•Dispersal rates are similar everywhere, then species richness should reflect a balance between extinction and speciation.

Question 26

Productivity of carrying capacity hypothesis?

Answer 26

Some regions may have a higher carrying capacity.

Question 27

Cradle Hypothesis?

Answer 27

Diversification rate = speciation rate - extinction rate.

Question 28

Diversification rate hypothesis?

Answer 28

More stable and large regions may have higher diversification rates.

Question 29

Diversification time hypothesis?

Answer 29

More stability for a longer period of time and more species evolution, thus the rate of diversification is higher.