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urban studies foundation > lecture 4 > Flashcards

lecture 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the ten points to charactarize a city?

A
  1. Population density
  2. Includes citizens that are not peasants/farmers
  3. Concentration of agricultural surplus
  4. Public buildings
  5. Ruling class But, also contested
  6. Skills: writing, use of wheel and plow too much focus on material
  7. Other forms of science (astronomy, maths, etc.) too little on social relations
  8. Artistic expression
  9. Long distance trade
  10. Sense of community: identity, language, shared facilities
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2
Q

what two historical phases are the result from the end of ideologies?

A
  1. Public buildings to serve power
  2. Public buildings to serve the power and the community
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3
Q

what institutions do villages have?

A

communal institutions

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4
Q

what institutions do cities have?

A

-Administrative and political institutions
- A power that is not communal
- Power of the leader and community of citizens

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5
Q

what are two forms of public buildings?

A

Seats of power and the seats of communal life

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6
Q

Public buildings for the basic functions of a
government:

A
  • Run by the governmental power
  • Not or hardly accessible to common people
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7
Q

Public buildings to serve the community:

A
  • Organized by community members
  • Widely accessible
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8
Q

Merchants became central to urban
communities:

A
  1. Organization of merchant guilds: regulation and
    protection trade
  2. Prominent members of the urban elite
  3. Member of the urban governance
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9
Q

Political autonomy:

A

city council that governs

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10
Q

Legal autonomy:

A

laws and courts to protect citizens and regulate

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11
Q

Fiscal autonomy:

A

urban budget, urban taxes

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12
Q

what is wafq?

A

A Islamic religious or charitable foundation created by an
endowed trust fund.
* Donation of a building or land for religious or charitable purposes
* No aimed at profit, but at donations for public facilities.
* Examples: orphanage, bathhouse, hospital, school or mosque.

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13
Q

what civic buildings are there in europe?

A

Town halls and squares: representation of selfgovernment
and urban power

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14
Q

what civic buildings are there in the Islamic world?

A

Mosques: representation of Ottoman power and
Islam

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15
Q

what civic buildings are there in Asia?

A

Temples: representation of the emperor and
power of central government

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16
Q

what civic buildings are there in Latin America?

A

Square: symbol of Spanish rule

17
Q

What does the ideal city represent?

A
  • Writings that imagine the city as ideal:
    powerful, wealthy, big, clean, beautiful
  • Guidebooks with maps
  • Townscape
  • Woodcuts of city streets
  • Essays, journals, poems, songs,
    performances every day city life
18
Q

what is the impact of modern state formation in Europe?

A
  • From urban citizenship to state citizenship
  • States are increasingly taking over public
    administration and services
  • Urban autonomy diminished
  • The end of urban associations
19
Q

what are Problems with the model of the Oriental City and the Western City?

A
  • Until the mid-19th century studies on the antiquity based on Greece and Rome
  • Non-Western cities considered ‘different’:
    -Oriental cities were too big
    -Too much centered on the royal palace
    -Communal structures found in Western cities absent: the agora (central public space) .
20
Q

Models and opposition of East versus West contested:

A
  • Elements of Oriental City (power and despotism) and Western
    City (freedom and citizenship) coexisting in both worlds
  • Focus on globalization
  • Focus on non-Western research
  • More comparative research
21
Q

City and state in Europe 1500-1800

A

Restricted concept of citizenship became typical of Western tradition since middle ages
Characteristics:
* Exclusive citizenship (citizens vs residants)
* Self-governance of cities
* Communal civic institutions

22
Q

State-formation leads to decline urban autonomy

A

Forms of self-governance also in premodern China, Japan and Ottoman Empire, but:
* Mostly more informal
* Much more directed by central governments

23
Q

what does habermans say?

A

Public Sphere in Western Europe emerges:
“Realm of social life in which public opinion canvbe formed”
* Rise of public political and social debate
* Newspapers and pamphlets
* Public houses, associations and societies that discuss societal matters

24
Q

Benedict Anderson (1983) :

A

Imagined communities
A socially constructed community, imagined by the people who
perceive themselves as a group >
1. Members identify with the community as an entity
2. Shared image of the community

25
Q

How is represitation expressed in urban communities?

A
  • Through buildings
  • Rituals and shared events
  • Urban spaces
26
Q

The representation of social hierarchy in China and Japan

A

Officials/samurai
Farmers/peasants
Craftsmen
Merchants

27
Q

The representation of social hierarchy in Europe

A

Clergy
Nobility
Townspeople (burghers, citizens)
Farmers/peasants

28
Q

Other types of distinction within cities:

A
  • Ethnicity (colonial cities)
  • Religion (Ottoman Empire, Europe)
  • Citizens with rights and inhabitants
    (Europe)
  • Rich and poor
  • Deserving and undeserving
29
Q

what does Civil Societies mean?

A

Non-governmental organizations and institutions of
citizens that serve interests of citizens

30
Q

Characteristics of pre-modern European urban civil societies:

A
  • Citizens form associations and institution to serve
    their own interests
  • Associations of citizens exist next to governmental
    institutions and religious institutions
  • Public services are provided by the urban
    government, church and citizens
31
Q

Association building in Chinese cities based on kinship group
and lineage, but also: (William T. Rowe (2013))

A
  • Brotherhoods formatted by migrants
  • Social organizations for religious practices (neighbourhood
    temples)
  • Artisan guilds and communities of sojourners

urban studies foundation (11 decks)

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