lecture 10

Question 1

what is urban morphology?

Answer 1

the study of the physical or build form of the city

Question 2

what does urban morphology entail?

Answer 2

• explain the spatial composition of urban structure
• examination of the patterns and development of the urban spatial structure
• mapping street patterns, building styles, size and shape of land

Question 3

what does urban morphology informs about?

Answer 3

spatial variation in environmental quality:
- different levels of quality between urban areas
- process of change
- such levels and changes are linked to social polarization and inequality

Question 4

how to measure determining factors of residential differentiation?

Answer 4

factor analysis or factorial ecology

Question 5

what is factor analysis?

Answer 5

measuring links between various factors, such as age and income, and spatial patterns

Question 6

what are important findings of the factor analysis?

Answer 6

residential differentiation in cities in the developed industrial world are dominated by socioeconomic status, family status and life cycle, and ethnicity

Question 7

what will lead demographic, cultural, political and technological changes to?

Answer 7

• a more complex set of factors that result in more spatial differentiation
• more differentiation within factors
• long-standing differences between suburbs and the central city are disappearing

Question 8

what are the most important kind of studies of the urban social geography of well-being?

Answer 8

• quality of life studies
• studies of deprivation and disadvantage
• studies of material consumption and lifestyle

Question 9

are western cities becoming socially polarized?

Answer 9

• disappearance of middle classes
• conspicuous consumption new urban elites
• growth of impoverishes areas

Question 10

what is problematic about western cities that become socially polarized? (in the US and Europe)

Answer 10

• increasing income inequality, but overall improvement and higher skilled jobs
• US: growing inequality
• Europe: more unemployment

Question 11

what is urban segregation?

Answer 11

the spatial separation of social groups into different neighborhoods

Question 12

what are three reasons of social segregation?

Answer 12

• private prejudice against others
• institutionalized discrimination on the basis of class, culture, ethnicity, race, gender, etc
• the desire of people to preserve their own group identity or lifestyle

Question 13

what does urban social closure mean?

Answer 13

the exclusion of groups from desirable spaces and resources

Question 14

how to do urban social closure?

Answer 14

powerful groups have the ability to exercise power in a downward direction, excluding less powerful groups

Question 15

what is the result of urban social closure?

Answer 15

• separate housing
• segregate schools
• segregate shopping areas and recreation facilities

Question 16

what is the meaning of gentrification?

Answer 16

renovation and renewal of inner-city areas through an influx of more rich people

Question 17

what is the result of gentrification?

Answer 17

• urban renewal/ real estate investment
• working-class neighborhoods become middle class
• demographic changes

Question 18

what are positive effects about gentrification?

Answer 18

• renovation of houses, building, streets etc
• changes in social structures
• improvement of neighborhood amenities
• low levels of crime

Question 19

what are negative effects about gentrification?

Answer 19

• rising rent, home and property prices
• most amenities not accessible to low- income households
• increasing power of real estate companies
• loss of cultural heritage

Question 20

how to measure the degree of which group is residentially segregated?

Answer 20

index of dissimilarity

Question 21

why doe residential segregation of minority groups also explain by the clustering of minority groups themselves?

Answer 21

immigrants are inclined to strengthen internal cohesion as a response to external threats