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Urban studies Foundation > lecture 2 > Flashcards

lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three most important features of a city?

A

large human population, density of population, service

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2
Q

how did cities grow?

A

*High morality, urban growth promoted by three different factors:
*movement countryside to city
*agrarion development
*growth of long distance trade

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3
Q

what three types of migration are there?

A

*forced and voluntary
*temporary and permanant
*rural-urban and inter-urban

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4
Q

what are pre-modern town caratarized by? (the graveyard effect)

A
  1. Death rates exceeded birth rates:
    * High infant mortality
    * Epidemics (plague, smallpox)
  2. Urban centers could only survive through permanent influx of migration
  3. Increase of urban population required twice as many people moving to the city
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5
Q

what two problems are there with counting early urban population?

A

*no solid information about size
*number related to hectars of domistic space

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6
Q

why did people migrate to mesopotamia?
(4 things)

A

*rural insecurity
*urban residents expresses membership of early citystate *communities
*forced migration

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7
Q

acient greece (4th 5th century bc)?
(4 things)

A

*city state
*60% of the people lived in cities
*farming population
*athenes: 40 000 inhabitants (slaves and ex slaves)

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8
Q

how many inhabitants did athenes had 4th 5th century bc?

A

40 000 (including ex slaves and slaves)

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9
Q

roman italy (4th 1th century bc)?
(3 things)

A

*latin colonies: walled urban centers with various functions
*state sponsored migration and voluntary migration
*urbanization level up to 20 to 32%, farming population did not live in the city

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10
Q

how many inhabitants did imperial rome had 4th 1th century bc?

A

1 milion

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11
Q

china 2600-2000 bc onwards large cities

A

*city states
*capital cities with walls and fortifacation
*Zhenzhou: (no reliable information) 100 000 inhabitants
*forced migration of families

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12
Q

south asia 3000 bc
(2 thing)

A

*large urban settlements across india
*little information about numbers of cities and size of population

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13
Q

name two reasons why cities emerge in south asia?

A

*rural urban migration
*state formation or demographic growth

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14
Q

what was the average level of migration in europe between 1500-1800?

A

13%

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15
Q

how many percent of urban habitants are migrants in europe between 1500-1800? and who are they?

A

30%, young people, single adults, temporary stay:sojouners

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16
Q

what was the average level of urbanisation in china ming-qing periode (1368-1912)?

A

5%

17
Q

what problems were there with rising urban migration?

A

pressure of public services and poor relief
tention amoung migrants and native born
overcrowding
public order

18
Q

why did cities grow?

A

Before 1800: migration key factor

19
Q

Ancient Greece
c. 4th- 5th centuries BC

A

City-states
* 60% of the population lived in cities
* Farming populations
* Athens: c. 40.000 inhabitants
* Including many slaves and exslaves

20
Q

Roman Italy
4th- 1st centuries BC

A
  • Latin colonies: walled urban centers with various functions.
  • State-sponsored migration and voluntary migration
  • Urbanization level 20 to 32%: farming population did not live in cities
  • Imperial Rome: 1 million inhabitants
21
Q

Europe 1500-1800
(level of urbanization, and migrants?)

A

Average level of urbanization: 13%
Ca. 30% of urban inhabitants are migrants
* Young people, single adults, temporary
stay: sojouners

22
Q

China from 16th century onward
(level of urbanization, and migrants?)

A
  • Average level of urbanization 5%
  • No figures on proportion of migrations (but presumably important)
23
Q

Urban Migration Pyramid Europe
Large majority from the hinterland:

A
  • Apprentices, domestic servants, day labourers
  • Non specialized, low skilled, temporary and seasonal
  • Many women
24
Q

Urban Migration Pyramid Europe top of the pyramid intercity and longer distance:

A
  • Artisans, merchants, entrepreneurs
  • Specialized and skilled
  • Inter-state migration
25
Q

Urban Migration Pyramid China

A
  • Migrants from longer distances
  • Interregional
  • Skilled and specialized
  • Strong native-place lines
  • Merchants, artisans or officials (= top
    of the pyramid in Europe)
  • Low proportion of women
26
Q

what three types of regulations are there?

A
  • Limitation overall freedom of movement
  • Entry restriction
  • Freedom of movement with regulation settlement
27
Q

Urban Citizenship in Europe (1500-1800)

A
  • Inclusion and exclusion through urban corporations
  • Marriage as integration mechanism
  • Less strong family ties
28
Q

Integration in China (1500-1800)

A
  • Imperial household registration system
  • Native – place associations
  • Focus on ancestry: strong family ties
29
Q

what shift was there between 1800-1900?

A

Level of urbanization Western world surpasses the rest of the world (the great divergence)

30
Q

what is the explanation from the shift between 1800-1900?

A
  1. Industrial and agrarian revolutions
  2. Population growth
  3. Transport revolution
31
Q

europe after 1900
(3 thing)

A
  • Relatively small cities
  • Integration market economy and rural hinterland
  • High level of urbanization
32
Q

china after 1900
(5 things)

A
  • Large cities (over 100,000 inhabitants)
  • Lower levels of urbanization
  • Manufacturing in the countryside
  • Place of origin and family lines important
  • State policy: household registration to control migration
33
Q

India after 1900
(5 things)

A
  • Top largest cities
  • Low urbanization degree: ca. 30%
  • Migration pattern: temporary, seasonal
  • Housing expensive
  • Poor urban welfare provisioning
34
Q

africa after 1900
(5 thing)

A
  • Low urbanization degree: 37%
  • Large cities, but not in top largest
  • Primate cities > pull factor concentration of capital and administration and services (post colonial rule)
  • Mining towns: pull factor industry
  • Poor urban welfare provisioning
35
Q

What did Lucassen say in the book?

A

Institutional arrangements are the key to understand different practices across time and space
* The quantity and quality of services and rights offered (degree of
exclusion or inclusion)
* Dependency on ethnic and kin networks
* Strength of rural-urban links

36
Q

urbanization after 1900 (europe, china, india, africa)

A

Europe:
* Relatively small cities
* Integration market economy and rural hinterland
* High level of urbanization

China:
* Large cities (over 100,000 inhabitants)
* Lower levels of urbanization
* Manufacturing in the countryside
* Place of origin and family lines important
* State policy: household registration to control migration

India:
* Top largest cities
* Low urbanization degree: ca. 30%
* Migration pattern: temporary seasonal
* Housing expensive
* Poor urban welfare provisioning

Africa:
* Low urbanization degree: 37%
* Large cities, but not in top largest
* Primate cities > pull factor concentration of capital and administration and services (post colonial rule)
* Mining towns: pull factor industry
* Poor urban welfare provisioning

Urban studies Foundation (11 decks)

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