Lecture 37: Stress Flashcards
1
Q
Cortisol is what hormone type? water or lipid soluble?
A
Lipid soluble
2
Q
Cortisol is a lipid soluble hormone which means that . . . . ?
A
- slow response = hours - days
- intracellular receptors
- gene transcription - activates genes
- made when required
3
Q
Adrenaline is a water soluble hormone - catecholamine - which means that?
A
- fast response = ms - mins
- receptors on cell membrane
- activates 2nd messenger
- adrenaline is stored
4
Q
What does the adrenal cortex secrete?
A
- cortisol
5
Q
What does the adrenal medulla secrete?
A
- adrenaline as part of the SNS in response to stress
- adrenaline for flight or fight response
6
Q
How is cortisol released?
A
- Hypothalamus releases CRH
- signals to anterior pituitary to release ACTH
- ACTH triggers the adrenal cortex to release cortisol
7
Q
How is adrenaline released?
A
- Hypothalamus signals to the adrenal medulla via the SNS to secrete adrenaline
8
Q
What makes up the adrenal gland?
A
- capsule
- adrenal cortex = releases cortisol
- medulla = releases adrenaline
9
Q
How many layers make up the adrenal cortex?
A
3 layers
2nd layer - fasciculata secretes cortisol
10
Q
What effect does cortisol have on
muscle cells?
A
- increases protein breakdown
- decreases glucose uptake
- makes fuel available
11
Q
What effect does cortisol have on
adipose tissue?
A
- increases fat breakdown
- decreases glucose uptake
- makes fuel available
12
Q
What effect does cortisol have on
liver cells?
A
- increases glucose synthesis
13
Q
What effect does cortisol have on the body?
A
- cope with stress
- maintain normal blood pressure
- maintain BG levels
- immune response
14
Q
What effect does cortisol have on the body?
A
- makes fuel available by:
= breakdown of glycogen into glucose in muscle and liver cells
= breakdown of fat to fatty acids
15
Q
What is Additions disorder?
A
- low cortisol
- “skinny and tan”
- unexplained weight loss, fatigue, low blood glucose, excess melanin
