Lecture 36: Pancreas- - control of BG

Question 1

The pancreas is and endocrine gland consists of ?

Answer 1

Pancreatic islets - make up 2% of mass

• Beta cells
• Alpha cells

Question 2

What do beta cell secrete?

Answer 2

• insulin which lowers blood glucose

Question 3

What do alpha cells secrete?

Answer 3

• glucagon which increases blood glucose

Question 4

What does glucagon do?

Answer 4

• stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen which releases glucose = glycogenolysis
• increases glucose & ketone synthesis
  = gluconeogenesis

Question 5

What is glycogenolysis

Answer 5

• breakdown of glycogen (stored form of glucose) into glucose

Question 6

What is gluconeogenesis

Answer 6

• synthesis of new glucose

Question 7

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 7

• In the abnormal cavity

- head & neck fit into the C shaped curve of the duodenum and the body fits in being the stomach

Question 8

What effect doe insulin have on liver cells?

Answer 8

• increases net glucose uptake which is stored by the liver as glycogen
• glucose output stops

Question 9

What effect does insulin have on body cells?

• muscle
• adipose tissue

Answer 9

• causes body cells to take up more glucose
• muscle tissue increases glucose uptake
• adipose tissue increases glucose uptake

Question 10

Blood glucose will become low in what state?

Answer 10

• Fasting state

Question 11

Blood glucose will become high in what state?

Answer 11

-Fed state

Question 12

What is diabetes mellitus?

Answer 12

• person has lost the ability to use insulin to decrease blood glucose levels

Question 13

What is type 1 diabetes?

Answer 13

• beta cells stop making insulin - beta cells are destroyed - autoimmune disorder
• NO insulin

Question 14

What is type 2 diabetes?

Answer 14

• insulin resistance

- insulin receptors do not function properly