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Molecules to Cells - Genetics and Virology > Lecture 35. Virus Replication II > Flashcards

Lecture 35. Virus Replication II Flashcards

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1
Q

What do many viruses go against ?

A

Central dogma

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2
Q

How large is varicella zoster virus ?

A

125kb - 70 proteins

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3
Q

Where does transcription and replication of the varicella zoster virus occur ?

A

The nucleus

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4
Q

What does transcription of varicella zoster virus require ?

A

Host RNA polymerase II

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5
Q

What does viral polymerase synthesis of varicella zoster virus do ?

A

Create new copies of DNA genome

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6
Q

What are the eight steps of varicella zoster virus replication cycle ?

A
  1. Attachment and entry
  2. Transport to nucleus
  3. Genome replication and transcription
  4. mRNA translation and protein synthesis
  5. Capsid formation and genome packaging
  6. Capsid buds through nuclear membrane
  7. Virion matures by budding through the trans golgi network
  8. Vesicle and plasma membrane fuse, releasing virion
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7
Q

What size is the poliovirus ?

A

8kb - 11 proteins

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8
Q

When is mRNA translated in poliovirus ?

A

Immediately after infectious

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9
Q

What part of poliovirus is infectious ?

A

The genome alone

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10
Q

What does mRNA and genome synthesis use for poliovirus genome replication ?

A

Viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase

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11
Q

Where does genome replication occur in poliovirus ?

A

Cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is the poliovirus replication cycle ?

A
  1. Attachment and entry
  2. Genome and mRNA translation
  3. Polyprotein processing
  4. Genome synthesis
  5. Assembly
  6. Egress upon cell lysis
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13
Q

What does the positive sense single stranded RNA genome look like in poliovirus replication ?

A

mRNA

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14
Q

What is poliovirus translated into and by what ?

A
  1. Polyprotein

2. Host ribosomes

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15
Q

What does viral polymerase synthesis in poliovirus replication ?

A

New copies of RNA genome

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16
Q

What does the positive sense single stranded RNA act as in Covid ?

A

mRNA

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17
Q

What is subgenomic mRNA synthesised from in Covid ?

A

Replicated genome

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18
Q

Where does Covid replication occur ?

A

Cytoplasm

19
Q

What is the covid genome directly translated into ?

A

Two different polyproteins

20
Q

What is the covid genome directly translated by ?

A

Host ribosomes

21
Q

What do viral polymerase synthesis in covid ?

A

Subgenomic mRNAs from replicated negative sense genome intermediate RNA

22
Q

What size is influenza virus ?

A

13 kb - 12 proteins

23
Q

How many segments does the influenza virus genome have ?

A

8

24
Q

Where does transcription and translation of influenza occur ?

A

Nucleus

25
Q

What are the six steps in influenza replication cycle ?

A
  1. Attachment and entry
  2. Genome segments transported to nucleus
  3. mRNA synthesis by virion polymerase
  4. Protein synthesis
  5. Genome replication by viral polymerase
  6. Assembly and budding
26
Q

Where does mRNA synthesis and genome replication occur in influenza virus replication ?

A

Nucleus

27
Q

What are the negative sense single stranded RNA converted into by mRNA in influenza replication ?

A

Virion polymerase

28
Q

What effect does the segmented genome of influenza virus have on genetic diversity ?

A
  1. Lots of potential for mixing genes

2. Lots of genetic diversity

29
Q

What is genetic reassortment ?

A

The mixing of genes between two organisms to make a new genetic sequence

30
Q

What is an antigenic shift ?

A

The complete replacement of the HA or NA with a novel HA or NA.

31
Q

What do new influenza viruses cause ?

A

Pandemics

32
Q

What size is the HIV genome ?

A

9kb - 16 proteins

33
Q

What does the HIV genome have ?

A

Two identical copies of the positive sense single stranded RNA

34
Q

What are the seven steps in the HIV replication cycle ?

A
  1. Attachment and entry
  2. Reverse transcription and DNA synthesis
  3. Virion integrates pro-viral genome into host DNA
  4. Host RNA polymerase II generates new viral RNA (mRNA and genome)
  5. mRNA translated into 3 polyproteins
  6. Protein processing by host and viral enzymes
  7. Assembly and budding
35
Q

What is the positive sense single stranded RNA genome copied into in HIV ?

A

Double stranded DNA

36
Q

What is positive sense single stranded RNA genome copied into double stranded DNA by in HIV ?

A

Virion reverse transcriptase

37
Q

Where is HIV replicated in ?

A

Cytoplasm

38
Q

What does virion integrase incorporate into host DNA in nucleus in HIV ?

A

Pro viral genome

39
Q

What do DNA polymerases have ?

A

Proofreading ability

40
Q

What do virus RNA polymerases lack ?

A

Proofreading capability

41
Q

What does too much error create ?

A

Unviable or dead virus particles

42
Q

Why are there two identical copies of viral genome in HIV ?

A
  1. Parts of both genomes can be used as templates during reverse transcription
  2. Genetic recombination can patch together one complete DNA copy from two damaged RNA genomes
43
Q

How are new virus released from the cell ?

A
  1. Lysis

2. Budding

Molecules to Cells - Genetics and Virology (16 decks)

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